Theory - ANSWER - notion or idea explaining experience, interprets
observations, describes relationships, and suggests outcomes
- Mental patterns or frameworks created to help us understand & create
meaning from our experience, organize & articulate our knowing & ask
questions leading to new insights
areas influenced by nursing theories - ANSWER - education
- research
- clinical practice
significance of nursing theory - ANSWER - address phenomena of interest to
nursing
- provides rationale for practice and criteria for evaluating outcomes
- organize knowledge, guide inquiry to advance science, guide practice, and
enhance care of patients
curriculum era - ANSWER - 1900-1940
- what content should be studied by nurses
- standardized curriculum for diploma
,research and graduate era - ANSWER - 1950-1970
- what do nurses research and their roles
- developed graduate education
theory era - ANSWER - 1980-1990s
- theories guiding nursing research and practice
- idea that there are many ways to think about nursing
theory utilization era - ANSWER - 21st century
- nursing theory guiding research, practice, education, and administration
- created middle-range theory
ways of knowing in nursing - ANSWER 1. empirical
2. emancipatory
3. ethical
4. personal
5. aesthetic
empirical knowing - ANSWER - science of knowing
- theories, concepts, principles, research findings
, - knowledge from within nursing
- knowledge from other health and related fields
ethical knowing - ANSWER - moral aspect
- moment to moment judgements about what should be done, what is right,
what is responsible
- clarifying conflicting values and exploring alternatives
aesthetic knowing - ANSWER - art of nursing
- deep meanings of situation and engages inner creative resources
personal knowing - ANSWER - knowing self in order to authentically engage
with others
- seeing others as a full person in their own multi-dimensional life experience
- maintains primacy of relationships
emancipatory knowing - ANSWER - human capacity to be aware and critically
reflect on social, cultural, and political elements
- social injustices and inequity
theory development process - ANSWER - invented as reflections of human
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