1. Deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones and electrolytes to the cells 2. Remove CO2 and metabolic waste products of cellular metabolism primary functions fo the circulatory system (2)
Differences, greater Blood flow depends on the ____________ between pressures in the arterial and venous vessels su...
NUR 219 Exam 3 Questions and Correct
Answers
1. Deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones and electrolytes to the cells
2. Remove CO2 and metabolic waste products of cellular metabolism ✅primary
functions fo the circulatory system (2)
Differences, greater ✅Blood flow depends on the ____________ between pressures in
the arterial and venous vessels supplying the organ.
Blood flows because the forces that drive flow are ___________ than resistance to flow.
Resistance ✅opposition to force =
Percentage of RBC, viscous ✅viscosity of blood is ________________
If Hemacrit is elevated blood is more _____________
Velocity ✅distance blood travels in a unit of time
Decreases ✅Velocity _____________ as blood moves from the aorta to the capillaries
Vascular compliance ✅volume the vessel can accommodate for a given increase in
pressure.
2.4 oz ✅the average heart pumps ______________ of blood per heartbeat.
Right heart ✅-thin walled ventricle
-low pressure pump (PAP 25/10)
-receives blood from the systemic circulation
-pumps blood to lungs (Pulmonary Circulation)
Left heart ✅-ventricular muscle s thick
-high pressure pump (aortic pressure= 120/80)
-receives blood from lungs
-pumps to systemic circulation
Pericardium ✅part of the heart wall
-prevents displacement of the heart with movement
-acts as a physical barrier
-protects against infection and inflammation
-contains pain receptors
-elicits changes in BP and heart rate
,Myocardium ✅part of the heart wall
-thickest layer
-composed of cardiac muscle
Endocardium ✅part of the heart wall
-internal lining of myocardium
-connects with arteries, capillaries and veins to create a continuous closed system
Pulmonary vein ✅Which is the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery ✅Which is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated
blood?
Vena Cava (deoxygenated blood), right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery,
pulmonary capillary bed, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta (oxygenated
blood) ✅Blood flow through a single cardiac cycle (start at vena cava)
Diastole, systole ✅Coronary blood flow is higher during ___________ than during
_________________.
Left ✅____________ Coronary Artery
-_________ Anterior Descending
-supplies left and right ventricles
-Circumflex artery
-supplies left atrium and lateral wall of left ventricle
Right ✅_________ Coronary Artery
- Conus
-Supplies upper right ventricle
-__________ Marginal Branch
-Supplies right ventricle
- Posterior Descending
-supplies smaller branches of both ventricles
Collateral Circulation ✅Normally some arterial anastomoses (connections) exist within
the coronary circulation.
When occlusion occurs slowly over a long period of time, there is a greater change of
adequate _______________ ____________ developing.
Glucose, fatty acids, lactate ✅Myocardial cardiac muscle depends on constant
production of ATP for energy. What are it's three sources of ATP?
-muscle contraction and relaxation
-electrical excitation ✅Energy produced for myocardial cardiac muscle is used for (2)
, Cardiac output ✅Volume of blood flowing through systemic or pulmonary circuit
expressed in liters per minute
5 ✅Normal cardiac output is ______L/min for the resting adult
Stroke volume ✅Amount of blood ejected by the ventricle with each contraction.
-calculated bu subtracting the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of contraction
(end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior tot he contraction (end-
diastolic volume)
-applies equally to both left and right ventricles
-important determinant of cardiac output
-correlates with cardiac function
Ejection fraction ✅Fraction of the blood ejected by the left ventricle during systole
-calculated bu dividing the stroke volume by the end diastolic volume
60-70 ✅Normal ejection fraction is _______%
Sympathetic stimulation ✅Increased ejection fraction results from _______________
______________.
Left ventricular failure ✅Decreased ejection fraction is primary symptom of ________
__________ ___________.
Preload ✅Defined as the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
(ventricular end-diastolic volume)
1. Amount of venous return entering the ventricle during diastole
2. Blood left in the ventricle after systole ✅2 factors influencing preload
Diastolic filling time suffers, decreased coronary artery filling, heart has to overcome
high pressures in Aorta to eject blood (consumes more oxygen) ✅When Heart rate
increases (3)
-increased central venous pressure
-vasoconstriction
-increased total blood volume
-gravity (head-down tilt)
-decreased heart rate
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