ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Overview of the Endocrine System
1. What constitutes the endocrine system? - Answer: The endocrine system is a network of ductless glands and organs that are responsible for
producing and secreting hormones into the bloodstream.
2. What are h...
- Answer: The endocrine system is a network of ductless glands and organs that are responsible for
producing and secreting hormones into the bloodstream.
2. What are hormones and what roles do they play?
- Answer: Hormones are chemical messengers released by the endocrine system into the blood,
influencing various physiological functions.
3. What functions are regulated by the endocrine system?
- Answer: The endocrine system is essential for regulating growth, reproduction, metabolism,
behavior, and the balance of water, electrolytes, and nutrients.
Hormonal Regulation and Control Mechanisms
4. Which hormones are regulated by the endocrine system?
- Answer: The system regulates a variety of hormones, including:
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Melatonin
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic Hormone
- Insulin
, - Glucagon
- Calcitonin
- Parathyroid Hormone
5. What are the two main categories of hormones based on their chemical structure?
- Answer: Hormones are categorized into:
- Protein Hormones: Composed of amino acids.
- Steroid Hormones: Derived from lipids, specifically cholesterol.
6. What is the most common regulatory mechanism for hormone release?
- Answer: The primary mechanism is negative feedback, where an increase in hormone levels or its
effects on target tissues inhibits further hormone release.
Sources of Hormonal Control
7. What are the sources that influence hormone levels?
- Answer: Hormone levels are controlled by:
- Neural Control: Hormone release is directly influenced by the nervous system.
- Hormonal Control: One gland's hormone stimulates another gland to release its hormones.
- Humoral Control: Changes in blood levels of certain nutrients or mineral ions trigger hormone
release.
Key Structures in the Endocrine System
8. What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
- Answer: The hypothalamus acts as the commander-in-chief, controlling the pituitary gland and
regulating most endocrine functions.
9. What is the infundibulum?
- Answer: The infundibulum is a stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
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