Biology Genetics Graded A+
Trait
Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.
P Generation
The parent organisms that are bred to make offspring so that scientists can study inheritance; P stands
for "parental."
Brainpower
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F1 generation
The first...
Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.
P Generation
The parent organisms that are bred to make offspring so that scientists can study inheritance; P stands
for "parental."
Brainpower
Read More
F1 generation
The first offspring born from a parental (P generation) cross.
F2 generation
The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the F1 generation.
The Law of Segregation
Mendel's first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate from each other) into
different gametes during gamete formation.
Allele
Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. (For
example, wrinkled seeds or smooth seeds in a pea plant)
, Dominant Allele
An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote (for example, the big T in Tt). Only
need 1 copy of dominant allele to show dominant trait.
Recessive Allele
An allele whose phenotype is not expressed in a heterozygote (for example, the little r in Rr) - it is
"masked" or hidden. Need 2 copies of recessive allele to show recessive trait (rr).
Genotype
The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. (Ex: PP, Pp or pp)
Phenotype
The EXPRESSED/observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its
genetic makeup.
Punnett Square
A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random
fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype.
Homozygous
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