Biology: Genetics, Biology Genetics
Key Genetic Terms and Concepts
1. Dominant Allele - Definition: An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote, requiring only one
copy to manifest the dominant trait. - Example: In the genotype Tt, the dominant allele is represent...
Biology: Genetics, Biology Genetics
Key Genetic Terms and Concepts
1. Dominant Allele
- Definition: An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote, requiring only one
copy to manifest the dominant trait.
- Example: In the genotype Tt, the dominant allele is represented by the uppercase T.
2. Recessive Allele
- Definition: An allele whose phenotype is masked in the presence of a dominant allele within a
heterozygote. Two copies are needed to express the recessive trait.
- Example: In the genotype Rr, the recessive allele is represented by the lowercase r.
3. Genotype
- Definition: The genetic composition or set of alleles of an organism.
- Examples: Genotypes may include PP, Pp, or pp.
4. Phenotype
- Definition: The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which result from its
genotype.
5. Punnett Square
- Definition: A diagram used to predict the genotypic outcomes of random fertilization during genetic
crosses between individuals with known genotypes.
6. Homozygous
- Definition: Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
- Examples: RR or rr.
7. Heterozygous
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