Genetics Verified Solutions
Key Genetic Concepts and Terms
1. Genetics - Definition: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
2. Heredity - Definition: The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
3. Trait - Definition: A specific characteri...
Genetics Verified Solutions
Key Genetic Concepts and Terms
1. Genetics
- Definition: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
2. Heredity
- Definition: The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
3. Trait
- Definition: A specific characteristic that varies between individuals.
4. Gene
- Definition: A sequence of DNA that encodes a protein, thereby determining a trait.
5. Genome
- Definition: The complete set of genetic instructions in the DNA of an organism, essentially its entire
"library" of genes.
6. Gregor Mendel
- Definition: Known as the father of genetics for his foundational work in the study of inheritance using
pea plants.
7. Allele
- Definition: An alternative form of a gene located at a specific position on a chromosome; each allele
is represented as a letter (e.g., A or a).
8. Dominant Allele
- Definition: An allele that produces the same phenotype in either a homozygous or heterozygous pair
(represented by a capital letter, e.g., A).
, 9. Recessive Allele
- Definition: An allele that only expresses its phenotype when paired with an identical allele
(represented by a lowercase letter, e.g., a).
10. Genotype
- Definition: The combination of alleles located on homologous chromosomes that defines a specific
trait (e.g., Bb).
11. Phenotype
- Definition: The observable physical or biochemical traits of an organism, as determined by its
genotype (e.g., brown eyes).
12. Homozygous
- Definition: An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., BB or bb).
13. Heterozygous
- Definition: An organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait (e.g., Bb).
14. Punnett Square
- Definition: A diagram used to predict the genetic combinations that could result from a genetic
cross.
15. Gamete (Sex Cell)
- Definition: Specialized reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction (e.g., sperm or egg cells).
16. Probability
- Definition: The likelihood of different genotypic or phenotypic outcomes expressed as a percentage
or ratio.
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