A thoroughly summarised revision tool to understand cardiovascular medicine.
Key features include:
1. Most common conditions including ophthalmological emergencies such as glaucoma, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, retinal occlusion and more.
2. Pathophysiology and clinical presentation including...
Risk Factors - Young children and 50+
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Acne around the centre of the face
, Symptoms - Painful, gritty, itchy eyes
- Burning/stinging of eyes
- Eyelids sticking together when waking
- Dry eye symptoms
Signs - Redness of eyelid margins
- Crusting/scaling of eyelid margins
- Misdirection of lashes
- Loss of lashes
*Ingrown lashes and stye may also be present
Investigations –
*Ensure there is no associated corneal ulceration
Management Conservative:
1. Lid hygiene (twice a day) for 3 months
2. Avoidance of contact lens use during flare ups
Pharmacological:
1. For ANTERIOR: Abx chloramphenicol ointment rubbed into lash
bases 2-4 times a day
For POSTERIOR: Abx oral tetracycline for a few weeks
2. Steroids – under specialist advice ONLY
Referral Same day ophthalmology referral IF:
- Pain
- Blurred vision
- Rapid onset visual loss
- Orbital/preseptal cellulitis
- Eye becomes red
Conjunctivitis
Definition Infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva (“pink eye”)
*Conjunctiva covers sclera (white part of eye)
Epidemiology
Aetiology - Allergic: type 1 hypersensitivity reactions – pollen, dust mites, pet
dander
- Viral: associated with URTI – adenoviruses (commonest), herpes
- Bacterial: S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis
, STIs like gonorrhoea and chlamydia can also cause conjunctivitis
Risk Factors Occupation (metal worker) and recent URTI
Symptoms - Red eye
- Itching and irritation
- Excessive tearing
- Discharge from eye – consistency based on cause
*Watery = viral/allergic + sticky/purulent discharge = bacterial
- Photophobia – suggests corneal involvement
- Preauricular lymphadenopathy – viral conjunctivitis
Management 1. Eye drop of chloramphenicol (frequency will depend on severity)
2. Fusidic acid (pregnant patients or second line)
Allergic: avoid allergens/rubbing eyes + can be given mast cell
stabilisers (anti-histamines)
Referral - Ophthalmia neonatorum
- Suspected gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitis
- Suspected herpes infection
- Suspected periorbital or orbital cellulitis
- Severe disease
- Recent intraocular surgery
- Conjunctivitis with a severe underlying condition
Dacryoadenitis
Definition Infection/inflammation of the lacrimal gland
- Can be secondary to blockage of nasolacrimal duct
Epidemiology
Aetiology
Risk Factors - Female
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller dogakck. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £5.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
