MIC 130 Final exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
Bio warfare - intentional use of disease causing organisms or products of organisms to harm populations
to attain military a objective
bioterorism - intentional use of disease causing agents or products of organisms to harm humans, other
animals, or plants in order to cause civil unrest and panic or to commit a crime
Advantages of biological weapons - -Readily available "easy to grow" -inexpensive -highly transportable -
not easy detected -Tasteless, odorless, invisible -Suicide "infectors" -Cause large scale panic -No damage
to infrastructure (warfare)
Disadvantages of biological weapons - -morally and socially unethical -delivery can be tricky -difficult to
control spread -Hazard to self -"Pandora's Box"
"Pandora's box" analogy to biological weapons - had all evils inside and once you open the box and
release them -if you can contain/control but once you release it you can't get it back -never "over"
Historical uses biological weapons (Romans) - -Ancient romans threw carrion into wells to poison thier
enemies
Historical uses biological weapons (mongolia) - -Bodies catapulted into Caffa by Mongolain army
-used dead infected bodies to spread disease
Historical uses biological weapons (French vs Indian war) - The english used small pox-laden blankets in
1763 at Fort Pitt to Subdue Indians loyal to French
,-Lasted 1754-64
-The raging small pox epidemic decimated those who recived the blankets
Historical uses biological weapons (WW1) - German Secret service covertly used the bacteria that causes
glanders and anthrax to infect animals (horses) used by the allies during WW1
-Lasted from 1914-1918
-Infected the grain and germans sold it to nuetral countries who sold it to the unsuspecting "enemy"
Geneva protocal of 1925 - -Put into effect 1928; 29 nations signed including US
-Treaty included: "A protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating Gas, and of Biological
Methods of Warfare"
-Banned all use during war
-Treaty was not ratified by US or Japan until 2014 and 1970
Glanders - Infectious disease spread through direct contact with infected animals
-Fever and chills with sweating, muscle aches, chest pain, muscle tightness, headaches, nasal drainage,
light sensitivity
-can get localized, pulmonary, bloodstream or chronic infection
Did the Geneva Protocol work? Post-Geneva Protocol - Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and other agents
were developed for weaponization by: US, Japan, Russia, Germany, Great Britain
-Protocol didnt mention production, storage, or transfer of biological agents
Camp (Fort) Detrick United states - British wanted a biological weapons program
-US started one in April 1943
-Since 1969 used for biological defense program
-Site of several US medical research facilities
US and British biowarfare programs in WW2 (1944-45) - US and British leaders developed plans to drop
hundreds of bomblets with anthrax over German cities
, Japan biowarefare program in WW2 (1932-1945) - -Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931
-Developed unit 731 (housed in china secret) for BW research, development, and production facility
-Thousands of chinese, koreans, russians, criminals, and P.O.W.'s were experimented on
Why weren't Japanese researches prosecuted (why was it kept a secret)? - -US did not want Soviets to
have information and encourage them to do the same thing
- It was helpful for us to have germ program with human data
-Hard to advance a program if everyone knew
-Repulsion that civilians would have had wanted public to shut down the program
How did Japan experiment with spreading plague? - Infected fleas with plague bacteria that were in
airplanes that got dropped over chinese cities
Who did Japanese experiment on/what did they do? - -Experimented on peasants, and did autopsies
before death.
-Preferred agent was inhaled anthrax for pulmonary anthrax
Pine Bluff Arsenal 1950 - Us army installation in Arkansas
-BW production facility on 14,000 acres
-Manufactured organisms that cause: Brucellosis, Tularemia, Anthrax, Q-fever, VEE (Venezuelan equine
encephalitis), Botulinum toxin
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) - -Emerging infectious disease in Latin America
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