Classification of Metals (5 types) - 1)Composed of at least 1 metallic element
2)Atoms arranged orderly
3)Relatively Dense
4)Relatively Stiff and Strong
5)Good conductors of heat and electricity
Classification of Ceramics (4 types) - 1) Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
2) Commonly (oxides, nitrides, carbides)
3) Relatively stiff and strong
4)Very brittle (high susceptibility to fractures)
Classification of Polymers (6 types) - 1)The family of plastic and rubbers
2)Large molecular structures
3)Can be ductile/pliable
4)Known to soften/decompose over time
5)Low electric conductivity
6)Nonmegnetic
Classification of Composites (2 types) - 1)Come from 2 or more types of material (metals, ceramics,
polymers)
,2)Designed to achieve multiple properties
Semiconductors - Both an insulator and a conductor
Electrons in Atoms - Electrons only have specific values of energy, if energy levels change, electrons
must make a quantum jump
How do electrons quantum jump? (2 points) - 1)Either by absorbing energy and moving up
2)Or by releasing energy and moving down
Quantum Numbers (4 parameters to describe e) - 1)Size
2)Shape
3)Spatial orientation
4)Probability density
Principle Quantum Number 1 (shell letter, and sub-shell) - Shell letter K
Sub-shell S
Principle Quantum Number 2 (shell letter, and sub-shell) - Shell letter L
Sub-shell s,p
Principle Quantum Number 3 (shell letter, and sub-shell) - Shell letter M
Sub-shell s,p,d
Principle Quantum Number 4 (shell letter, and sub-shell) - Shell letter N
Sub-shell s,p,d,f
Electron Spin Movement - +1/2, -1/2
, Ground State - electrons occupy all the lowest energy states
Hydrogen ground state - 1s^1
Helium - 1s^2
Sodium - 1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^1
Electropositive - elements capable of giving up electrons
Electronegative - elements ready to accept electrons
Bonding Energy - Eo=energy required to separate the atoms
The Primary Bond (3 types) - 1)Ionic
2)Covalent
3)Metallic
Ionic Bonding (3 points) - 1)The transfer of electrons
2)The attraction bonding forces are coulombic (positive-negative ions)
3)Nonderectional
Covalent bonding (3 points) - 1)the share of electrons
2)directional
3)Non-metallic elements
Metallic Bonding (3 points) - 1)Metals and alloys
2)electrons drift around through the solid
3)good at conducting heat and electricity
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