Crystalline Material - Atoms arranged in repeating array over large distances
Lattice - Three-dimensional array coinciding with atom positions
Unit Cell - Smallest repeat unit of a lattice
Polymorphism - Multiple crystal structures in a chemical compound
Allotropy - Multiple crystal structures in a chemical element
Crystallographic Directions - Vectors in crystal structures indicating directions
Crystallographic Planes - Planes defined in crystal structures
Linear and Planar Densities - Density calculations for crystal structures
Close-Packed Crystal Structures - HCP and FCC stacking sequences for crystals
Single Crystal - Periodic arrangement without grain boundaries
Polycrystalline - Multiple crystals with different orientations
Grain Boundary - Atomic mismatch at crystal boundaries
Anisotropy - Directionality in material properties
, Isotropy - No directionality in material properties
X-ray Diffraction - Analyzing crystal structures using x-rays
Bragg's Law - Relates x-ray diffraction to crystal lattice spacing
Crystalline defect - Irregularities in lattice structure
Vacancies - Empty spaces in crystal lattice
Self-interstitials - Atoms positioned in interstitial sites
Equilibrium number of vacancies equation - Ratio of vacancies to total atom sites
Hume-Rothery rules - Criteria for solid solution formation
Atomic size factor - Limit for solute accommodation based on atomic radii difference
Crystal structure - Requirement for solid solubility
Electronegativity factor - Influence on intermetallic compound formation
Valences - Effect on metal dissolution tendency
Maximum allowable interstitial impurity - Threshold for interstitial impurity content
Two-Element Alloy Composition - Specification in weight percent and atom percent
Burgers vector - Lattice distortion magnitude and direction
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