BBH 101 Exam 3 Already Graded A+
### Diabetes Overview
1. Definition: - Diabetes is characterized by a deficit in producing insulin or insulin resistance, meaning the body
does not respond properly to insulin.
### Role of Insulin - Function: - Insulin is crucial for absorbing glucose from t...
- Diabetes is characterized by a deficit in producing insulin or insulin resistance, meaning the body
does not respond properly to insulin.
### Role of Insulin
- Function:
- Insulin is crucial for absorbing glucose from the blood and maintaining equilibrium of glucose levels in
the bloodstream.
- Production Site:
- Insulin is produced in the pancreas.
- Excess Glucose Storage:
- When there is excess glucose, it is stored as glycogen for future use, facilitated by insulin.
### Diabetes Mellitus
- The term diabetes mellitus (often referred to as "sugar diabetes") is derived from the Latin words that
mean "sweet urine" due to the condition's notable symptom:
- In ancient times, doctors noticed that diabetics had very sweet-smelling urine, which attracted ants.
### Classic Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
1. Hyperglycemia:
- Elevated glucose levels in the bloodstream.
- Results in glucose being excreted in the urine, leading to increased urination and thirst.
2. Polyuria:
, - Frequent urination due to excess glucose in the urine, causing the body to eliminate more fluid.
3. Polydipsia:
- Excessive thirst that results from frequent urination, leading to dehydration.
### Other Symptoms
- Visual Disturbances:
- Double vision and fuzzy vision.
- Neurological Effects:
- Weird sensations such as tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands and feet.
### Mortality
- True or False: You can die from either type (1 or 2) of diabetes.
- True. Both types can lead to severe complications and increase the risk of death.
### Types of Diabetes
1. Type 1 Diabetes:
- Also known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes.
- Onset: Early and abrupt.
- Characteristics: Severe insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in
the pancreas.
2. Type 2 Diabetes:
- The most common form of diabetes.
- Onset: Late and gradual.
- Characteristics: Insulin resistance—cells do not respond effectively to insulin.
- Association with Obesity: Often presents with obesity as a significant risk factor.
, 3. Gestational Diabetes:
- Occurs in pregnant women due to increased hormones that lead to insulin resistance.
- Risks: Both the mother and baby are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life if proper
medical treatment is not received.
4. Pre-Diabetes:
- A condition where blood glucose levels are abnormal but not high enough to meet the criteria for
diabetes.
### Risk Factors
- The greatest risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes is obesity.
### Diabetes Statistics
- Diabetes is the 8th leading cause of death worldwide.
This overview summarizes the key points about diabetes, its symptoms, types, and associated risks. If
you would like further elaboration on specific concepts or more details, just let me know!diabetes --
what race/ethnicities have the highest risk of developing ✔️American Indians, Alaskan Natives
how is smoking a risk factor for diabetes ✔️nicotine interfering w/insulin receptors
how is diabetes a leading cause of a new case of blindness ✔️-neurons in retina are supplied by glucose
by vessels
-damage to vessels causes damage to retina
why can diabetes lead to kidney failure ✔️-damage of vessels
-overworked (diluting glucose)
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