A summary of topic 7, organised so the notes are easy to understand. The notes are on slides, so they can be printed out and used as revision cards or posters, for revision on the go. The notes cross-reference the specification so it is easy to see where each bit of information has come from. They ...
Infrared spectroscopy Mass spectroscopy
= identifies molecules by how they VIBRATE =identifies molecules by looking at their FRAGMENT IONS
Different bonds vibrate at different frequencies due to: Molecular ion = peak furthest to the right, same Mr as actual
- Bond strength molecule
- Bond length - M + e- → M+ + 2e-
- Mass of bonded atoms Fragment ions = M+ hit by another e- & split further
- Environment atoms are in - Peak at Mr of fragment ion
Doesn’t work on diatomic atoms - polarities can’t switch M+1 peak = if 13C used instead of 12C, Mr will be 1 bigger ∴M+1
“The peak at ____ represents the bond ___. Therefore it peak
contains a ___ functional group.” M+2 peak = if 37Cl used instead of 35Cl, Mr will be 2 bigger ∴M+2
Fingerprint region = below 1500 peak
Can be used to check if a molecule in impure.
pentane:
pentanol:
[CH3CH2CH2]+
[CH3CH2] [CH3CH2CH
+ 2CH2]+
[CH3CH2CH
2CH2CH3]+
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