Exam (elaborations)
Immunology (HMX, etc) – Questions With Solutions
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Immunology (HMX, etc) – Questions With Solutions
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Immunology (HMX, etc) – Questions With SolutionsA type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to
inflammation. Right Ans - Neutrophils
A type of white blood cell that transforms into macrophages when entering
tissue and engulfs microbes then undergoes apoptosis. One of the main
components of pus. Right Ans - Monocytes
Tissue resident cells involved in innate immunity that get their name from
their resemblance to dendrites. They have innate receptors on their surface
and they release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Right Ans - dendritic cells
What monocytes become, also exist as tissue resident cells. Very effective at
phagocytosis. They also secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Right Ans -
Macrophages
Tissue resident cells that release inflammatory mediators (such as histamine)
as well as cytokines. Right Ans - mast cells
endothelial cell surface molecule, binds to LFA-1 to promote stronger (stable
rest) adhesion of leukocytes Right Ans - ICAM-1
endothelial cell surface molecule, binds to E-selectin-ligand to promote
weaker (rolling) adhesion of leukocytes Right Ans - E-selectin
sentinel cell that detects viruses and releases type I IFN Right Ans -
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)
group of cytokines that initiate signaling to activate antiviral state Right
Ans - Type I interferons (IFNs)
Virus-infected cells and pDCs produce Type 1 Interferons (IFN-a and IFN-b)
IFNs alert neighboring uninfected cells prompting the production of anti-viral
proteins that block viral replication when bound to double stranded RNA
Right Ans - Anti-viral state
, Molecules associated with groups of pathogens that are not found in
vertebrates. Recognized by immune cells to initiate response Right Ans -
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
a PAMP expressed on many gram-negative bacteria Right Ans -
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Found on phagocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes
Recognize and bind PAMPs Right Ans - Pattern Recognition Receptors
(PRRs)
-A type of PRR
-Recognize PAMPs
-amplifies and orchestrates a defense response
- endosomal TLRs in particular respond to viral PAMPs Right Ans - Toll-like
receptors (TLRs)
gram positive and gram negative
gram positive have lipopolysaccharide Right Ans - Types of bacteria
mainly determined by nucleic acids
ssRNA
dsRNA
dsDNA Right Ans - Types of virus
membrane-bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells formed through
endocytosis
has TLRs for detecting viral PAMPs Right Ans - endosome
pro-inflammatory cytokine, promoted by signaling from TLRs in response to
PAMPs Right Ans - TNF
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