CRANIAL NERVES
Similarities Between Spinal Nerves & Cranial Nerves:
Cranial Nerves develop similar to Spinal Nerves, & hence have a similar
structural Organisation:
Sensory Cranial Nerves:
Similar to Afferent Spinal Nerves – Sensory Cranial Nerves’
Dendrites are associated with peri...
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY
NOTES OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
AND SPECIAL SENSES
FOURTH EDITION
CRANIAL NERVES PRE- SUMMARIZED NOTES
,CRANIAL NERVES
Similarities Between Spinal Nerves & Cranial Nerves:
Cranial Nerves develop similar to Spinal Nerves, & hence have a similar
structural Organisation:
Sensory Cranial Nerves:
Similar to Afferent Spinal Nerves – Sensory Cranial Nerves’
Dendrites are associated with peripheral sensory receptors &
their Cell Bodies are located in a Sensory Ganglia (Similar to
the Dorsal Root Ganglion in the spinal cord). Their axons
then terminate in the Sensory Nuclei of the Brainstem
(Similar to Dorsal Horn of Spinal Cord), and synapse with
one of the Ascending Pathways (Depending on the type of
stimulus):
• Touch → Posterior Pathway
• Pain → Spinothalamic
• Proprioception → Spinocerebellar
Somatic Motor Cranial Nerves:
Similar to Efferent Spinal Nerves – Motor Cranial Nerves
(Both Somatic & Branchial) have their Cell Bodies in grey-
matter Motor Nuclei in the Brainstem (Similar to Ventral
Horn of Spinal Cord). Their axons leave the brainstem &
directly innervate the Skeletal Muscles.
, Visceral Motor Cranial Nerves:
Similar to Autonomic Spinal Nerves – Visceral-Motor
Cranial Nerves have their cell bodies in the Grey-Matter
Visceral Nuclei in the Brainstem (Similar to Lateral Horn of
Spinal Cord). Their axons then synapse with a 2nd-Order
Neuron in an Autonomic Ganglion, where the 2nd neuron
innervates the smooth muscle
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