Define pain. a complex, multidimensional experience that can cause suffering and decreased quality of life
Describe the neural mechanisms of pain and pain modulation. - Nociceptive input is perceived as pain in the brain. Occurs when pain is recognized, defined, and assigned meaning. - Pain modula...
describe the neural mechanisms of pain and pain mo
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NSG 322
NSG 322
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NSG 322 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Define pain. ✅a complex, multidimensional experience that can cause suffering and
decreased quality of life
Describe the neural mechanisms of pain and pain modulation. ✅- Nociceptive input is
perceived as pain in the brain. Occurs when pain is recognized, defined, and assigned
meaning.
- Pain modulation- Activation of descending pathways that exert inhibitory or facilitatory
effects on the transmission of pain
Differentiate between nociceptive & neuropathic pain. ✅- Nociceptive- Physiologic
process that communicates tissue damage to the CNS
- Neuropathic pain- Damage to peripheral nerve or CNS
Explain the physical and psychologic effects of unrelieved pain. ✅-Unnecessary
suffering
-physical and psychosocial dysfunction
-immunosuppression
-sleep disturbances
Interpret the subjective and objective data that are obtained from
a comprehensive pain assessment. ✅Subjective- Patient's experience and self-report
are essential.
-Objective- Observable actions used to express or control pain (facial expressions,
socially withdrawn, less physically active, using relaxation, taking medication)
Describe effective multidisciplinary pain management techniques. ✅Establish a
treatment plan that will relieve pain and minimize withdrawal symptoms.
Describe drug and nondrug methods of pain relief. ✅-CAM Therapy- Massage,
Exercise, Cognitive therapies (distraction, hypnosis, relaxation)
-TENS- delivery of an electrical current through electrodes in the skin
-Acupuncture
-Heat/Cold therapy
Explain your role and responsibility in pain management. ✅-Every patient deserves
adequate pain management - stated comfort goal
-Treatment based on patient's goals
-Use drug and nondrug therapies
-Multimodal and Interdisciplinary
, -Prevent and manage side effects
§Incorporate PATIENT TEACHING
-Documentation is critical to ensure effective communication pain assessment tools
Discuss ethical & legal issues related to pain & management. ✅-The use of placebos
to assess or treat pain is condemned by several professional organizations.
-Unrelieved pain is a cause for requests of assisted suicide.
-Providing comfort and pain relief at end of life is a moral obligation.
Evaluate the influence of one's own knowledge, beliefs,
and attitudes about pain assessment and management. ✅-culturally driven- beliefs,
attitudes, memories, and meaning attributed to pain.
- research has shown that people who believe their pain is uncontrollable and
overwhelming are more likely to have poorer clinical outcomes
The nurse is caring for a patient after abdominal surgery. Which action by the nurse is
most appropriate for analgesic titration of the prescribed pain medication?
a.Limit use of pain medication to avoid dependence on opioid analgesics.
b.Determine with the patient the analgesic dosage required for pain relief.
c.Teach the patient to increase the time between doses of pain medication.
d.Assist patient to plan the distribution of a specific total dose of analgesic over a 24-
hour period. ✅B. Determine with the patient the analgesic dosage required for pain
relief.
A patient who has been treated with morphine by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is
discharged from the hospital with instructions that all of the following medications may
be used for pain. Which medication will the nurse instruct the patient to use first?
a.Aspirin
b.Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
c.Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
d.Oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet) - must transition from IV narcotic to oral
narcotic first ✅D. Oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet) - must transition from IV
narcotic to oral narcotic first
Dimensions of pain ✅-behavioral- observable actions used to express or control pain
-physiologic-genetic, anatomic, and physical determinants/ influence how stimuli are
recognized and described
Affective- emotional response to pain experience (anger, fear depression, anxiety)
Cognitive- Beliefs attitudes, memories, and meaning attributed to pain
sociocultural- include demographics, support systems, social roles, and culture
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