oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions
~ a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between reactants, many
involve the reaction of a substance with oxygen
oxidation
~ loss of electrons
reduction
~ gain of electrons
OIL RIG
~ oxidation is loss, reduction is gain
redox reactions...
✓~ The science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what
atoms and molecules do
virtually everything around you is composed of _________
✓~ chemicals
atoms are bound together to form several different types of
______________
✓~ molecules
observations
✓~ involve measuring or observing some aspect of nature
hypotheses
,✓~ tentative interpretations of the observations
laws
✓~ summarize the results of a large number of observations
theories
✓~ are models that explain and give the underlying causes for observations and
laws
scientific method: experimentation
✓~ laws, hypotheses, and theories must be tested and validated by experiments
scientific method
✓~ a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation to
produce knowledge
Law of Conservation of Mass
✓~ in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed
,Who created the law of conservation of mass?
✓~ Lavoisier
scientific theory
✓~ A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental
results.
Atomic Theory
✓~ a theory that states that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
Who created the atomic theory?
✓~ John Dalton
uncertainty is indicated by the last __________ ___________
✓~ reported digit
significant numbers
, ✓~ any number that is not a 0, sandwiched 0s, trailing 0s when there is a
decimal place
not significant numbers
✓~ leading 0s and trailing 0s at the end of a number without a decimal place
Sig Fig Multiplication/Division Rule
✓~ carry the same number of sig figs as the factor with the fewest sig figs
Sig Figs: Adding and Subtracting
✓~ carry the same number of decimal places as the quantity carrying the fewest
decimal places
unit for length
✓~ meter (m)
unit for mass
✓~ kilogram (kg)
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