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6114 History of Microbiology Questions with Solutions
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6114 History of Microbiology
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6114 History of MicrobiologyANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - answer “Father of Microbiology"
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - answer he was first to see and describe bacteria
which he called "animalcules," or little eels
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK - answer he was also one of the firsts to provide
accurate descriptions of protozoa, fungi and bacteria using a single lens of 300-500 fold
magnification.
ROBERT HOOKE - answer published Micrographic (1665), which contains descriptions
of objects he observed using a 3-lens system compound light microscope that he
developed;
ROBERT HOOKE - answer specimens: molds, rusts, fleas, lice, fossilized plants and
animals, and sections of cork;
ROBERT HOOKE - answer he referred to the small empty chambers in the structure of
cork as "cells," because they reminded him of the bare rooms (called cells) in a
monastery.
JOHN NEEDHAM - answer first to perform an experiment to prove the theory of
spontaneous generation (life could exist spontaneously);
JOHN NEEDHAM - answer he reported that he had taken broth fresh from the fire,
transferred it to a flask, heated it to boiling, stoppered it tightly with a cork, and then set
it aside. Despite boiling, the liquid became turbid in a few days, and when examined
under a microscope, it was teeming with microorganisms of all types.
FRANCESCO REDI - answerfirst to use carefully controlled experiments to test the
theory of spontaneous generation;
FRANCESCO REDI - answerhe showed that fly maggots do not arise from decaying
meat, if the meat is covered
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI - answeralso disputed the Needham's theory by showing that
boiled broth could not give rise to microorganisms
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI - answerhe wrote that Needham's conclusions were invalid
because (1) he had not heated the gravy hot enough or long enough to kill the
, microorganisms, and (2) he had not closed the flask sufficiently to prevent other
microbes from entering.
LOUIS PASTEUR - answerhe ended the debate regarding "spontaneous generation" by
using swan necked sterile flasks, filled with broth and successfully showed that life
could only be generated from existing life;
LOUIS PASTEUR - answerhe also showed that fermentation, a process used in baking
and brewing, was caused by microorganisms.;
LOUIS PASTEUR - answerhe is also credited with the development of vaccines for
(rabies and anthrax)
LOUIS PASTEUR - answerhe performed numerous experiments to discover why wine
and dairy products became sour and proved that bacteria were to blame. As a result, he
went on to develop the process for sterilizing milk and this was named after him
"pasteurization";
LOUIS PASTEUR - answerhe hypothesized that if bacteria could turn wine and milk
bad, maybe they could cause human illnesses the "Germ theory" of disease. Pasteur's
attempts to prove this theory were unsuccessful and it was left to Robert Koch, a
German scientist, to provide this proof.
ROBERT KOCH - answerproved the "Germ theory" of disease by successfully isolating
and cultivating anthrax bacteria from a diseased animal. He then injected this pure
culture into mice, reproducing the disease and finally, the re-isolated the bacteria from
the infected animal. These four steps became known as Koch's Postulate and we still in
general follow these dictates today
ROBERT KOCH - answerdeveloped culture techniques in 1881
ROBERT KOCH - answerGelatin was initially used as a solidifying agent (the use of
Agar-agar as a means to solidify media is attributed to Dr. Hesse and his wife Angelina,
who joined Koch's lab in 1881).
MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN AND THEODOR SCHWANN - answerCell theory (1838-1839)
- all plant and animal tissues were composed of cells.
RUDOLF VIRCHOW - answerTheory of biogenesis (1858)—life can arise only from
preexisting life, and, therefore, that cells can arise only from preexisting cells
RUDOLF VIRCHOW - answerhe also noted the link between diseases of humans and
animals and coined the term "zoonosis" to indicate the infectious diseases links
between animal and human health
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