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What is a landscape?
A landscape has visible features that make up the
Topic 3 Distinctive Landscapes Relief of the UK
surface of the land. Landscapes can be broken Human activity on Landscape Relief of the UK can be divide into uplands
down into four ‘elements’. and lowlands. Each have their own
Farming has changed Much of the rural Infrastructure such as characteristics.
Landscape Elements the vegetation which landscape has been roads and pylons
Physical Biological grows there. replaced by urban cover most of the UK.
• Mountains • Vegetation sprawls.
• Coastlines • Habitats
• Rivers • Wildlife Over thousands of Increasing population UK’s marshes and
Human Variable years, much of the of the UK means moorlands are
• Buildings • Weather UK’s woodlands have more houses are heavily managed by
• Infrastructure • Smells gone. needed. people.
• Structures • Sounds/Sights
Mass Movement
A large movement of soil and rock debris that
moves down slopes in response to the pull of
Glaciation in the UK gravity in a vertical direction.
Climate and Weather in the UK
Over many thousands of years, glaciation has made an The variations of climate and weather means there are different Rain saturates the permeable rock above
impression on the UK’s landscape. Today, much of upland influences on the UK’s landscape. 1 the impermeable rock making it heavy.
Britain is covered in u-shaped valleys and eroded steep
mountain peaks. Climate Weathering
Waves or a river will erode the base of the
The rainfall map of the UK Mechanical 2 slope making it unstable.
shows variations in average rain. Caused by the physical action of
During the ice age • Less precipitation occurs in rain, frost and wind.
Eventually the weight of the permeable
low land areas. East England
Chemical rock above the impermeable rock weakens
Ice covered areas eroded and weathered landscapes to • Most precipitation occurs in 3
Action of chemicals within rain and collapses.
create dramatic mountain scenery. upland areas. Scotland.
dissolving the rock.
These differences mean… Biological The debris at the base of the cliff is then
After the ice age
Uplands experience more Rocks that have been broken removed and transported by waves or
4
weathering, erosion and mass down by living organisms. river.
Deep valleys and deposition of sediment revealed
movement.
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