NSG 318 Exam 2 Review Questions and
Correct Answers
Epinephrine classification ✅Adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic)
Epinephrine Uses ✅Anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock,
Bronchospasm, status asthmaticus, cardiogenic resuscitation, cardiac arrest
Epinephrine Action ✅Alpha 1- increases BP
Beta 1- increases heart rate
Beta 2- Promotes bronchodilation
Epinephrine Contraindications & Cautions ✅Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension,
hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy
Epinephrine side effects ✅Cardiac effects- palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension
Restlessness
Hyperglycemia
Epinephrine Adverse Reactions ✅palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea,
tissue necrosis at the IV site
Epinephrine Life threatening side effects ✅Ventricular fibrillation, pulmonary edema
Epinephrine drug interaction ✅Beta-blockers: Decreases epinephrine action
Digoxin- Causes cardiac dysrhythmias
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) & Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Epinephrine - Nursing process ✅Assessment: baseline VS, drug history, health
history, glucose level
Nursing diagnosis: -sleep pattern, disturbed related to the adverse drug effect of
insomnia
-Knowledge, deficient related to drug administration
Planning
- client's VS will be within acceptable ranges
- Client will experience therapeutic effects by improved BP, breathing pattern, and
cardiac output
Epinephrine - Nursing process (interventions) ✅Monitor IV site
Monitor VS & ECG
,Monitor urinary output & assess for bladder distension
Provide measures to avoid n/v
Monitor blood glucose in clients with DM
Epinephrine Patient Teaching ✅Read labels of OTC drugs
Teach about rebound nasal congestion w/ continuous use of nasal drops or sprays
Teach proper administration of EpiPen & when to use
Report side effects (rapid HR, palpitations, rash, itching, flushing, chest pain, irregular
heartbeat, vomiting or numbness of fingers and/or toes)
Albuterol Classification ✅beta 2 adrenergic agonist
Albuterol uses ✅Treatment of asthma, prophylactic treatment of asthma, treatment of
bronchospasms
Albuterol mode of action ✅Stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs -->
relaxes the bronchial muscle --> bronchodilation
Atenolol classification ✅Beta 1 Adrenergic Antagonist/ Blocker
Atenolol uses ✅Treatment of hypertension, angina, & prophylaxis & treatment of acute
MI
Atenolol mode of action ✅Selectively blocks Beta 1 adrenergic receptor sites;
decreases sympathetic outflow to the periphery, suppresses renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system.
Bethanechol (Urecholine) classification ✅parasympathomimetic
Bethanechol (Urecholine) uses ✅To treat urinary retention and neurogenic bladder
Bethanechol (Urecholine) Mechanism of Action ✅Stimulates the cholinergic receptors -
> contraction of the bladder
Increases GI secretions & peristalsis, constriction of the pupil and bronchoconstriction
Bethanecol (Urecholine) Contraindications ✅Intestinal & urinary tract obstruction, IBS,
peptic ulcer
Severe bradycardia, hypotension, COPD, Parkinsonism, hyperthyroidism
Seizures, active asthma
Bethanecol (Urecholine) side effects ✅Blurred vision
GI effects- n/v, diarrhea
Urinary frequency & urgency
Bronchoconstriction
, Bethanecol (Urecholine) adverse effects ✅Weakness
Bethanecol (Urecholine) life threatening effects ✅Bronchospasm
Bethanecol (Urecholine) Assessment (3) ✅Assess baseline VS for future comparisons
Obtain patient history of health problems
Assess urine output
Bethanecol (Urecholine) nursing diagnosis (2) ✅Breathing pattern, ineffective related
to excess mucous secretions in lungs
Anxiety related to wheezing
Bethanechol (Urecholine) Planning ✅Patient will have increased bladder tone
Bethanecol (Urecholine) nursing interventions ✅Monitor BP & HR
Teach patient to rise slowly from a lying position
Auscultate breath sounds
Record fluid intake and output
Monitor the patient for possible cholinergic crisis (overdose)
Atropine sulfate classification ✅Anticholinergic
Atropine uses ✅Pre-operative med to reduce salivation, increase heart rate for
bradycardia, and dilate pupils for diagnostic exams
Atropine mode of action ✅inhibits acetylcholine by occupying receptors; increases
heart rate by blocking vagus stimulation; promotes pupil dilation by blocking iris
sphincter muscle
Atropine Contraindications ✅Glaucoma, obstructive GI disorders, ulcerative colitis,
Tachycardia, BPH, myasthenia gravis, myocardial ischemia
Atropine Use with caution ✅renal or hepatic disorders, COPD, heart failure
Atropine side effects ✅Dry mouth, constipation, dry skin
Blurred vision, photophobia, urinary retention
Atropine adverse effects ✅tachycardia, paradoxic bradycardia, hypertension,
hypotension, angina, pulmonary edema, seizures
