World Scholar's Cup 2023 - Booster
Pack
Jan Simek - Answer- A professor from the University of Tennessee who, along with
his colleagues, published images of giant glyphs carved into the mud surface of a
cave in Alabama in the journal Antiquity. The glyphs depicted human forms and
animals, and are some of the largest known cave images found in North America.
The forms may represent spirits of the underworld, or other sacred creatures to the
indigenous people of the area. One glyph of a rattlesnake reaches 3 metres in
length, and another one of a human figure is just over 1.8 metres. Using carbon
dating, the group dated an American bamboo torch residue stuck into the wall, also
in accord with certain pottery fragments found in the cave.
Antiquity - Answer- A journal published by Professor Jan Simek of the University of
Tennessee and his colleagues that displays images of nearly 2,000-year-old mud
cave carvings found in 19th Unnamed Cave, Alabama.
19th unnamed cave - Answer- A cave in Alabama which houses large cave carved
glyphs, which were documented in Jan Simek's journal Antiquity. The glyphs were
determined to be almost 2,000 years old. The glyphs appear to depict human forms
and animals, and stretch (like one of a rattlesnake) up to 3 metres long. Using
photogrammetry, the team revealed these drawings despite the cave's ceiling being
only 60cm high, moving the point of view to 4 meters away instead.
Photogrammetry - Answer- A technique often used in archaeology to record artifacts,
buildings, landscapes, and caves. It involves overlapping thousands of photographs
taken from different angles and combining them digitally.
Rock Art - Answer- Human made markings on stone. It has existed for at least
64,000 years, though it is likely we know only of very few instances. This is due to
thin engravings being lost to erosion, caves crumbling, and pigments dulling and
eventually vanishing. North American instances found in the dark zones of caves
were only discovered in 1979, more than a century after its discovery in Europe,
found in Northern Spain.
Maltravieso - Answer- A cave in Estremadura, Spain that houses many drawings that
were difficult to date by Paul Pettitt, Alistair Pike, and their team. 70 years after the
cave was originally found and studied, they digitally found a hand stencil drawn onto
the rocky surface of the cave, which was obscured by built up calcium carbonate
deposits.
Light engraving - Answer- A cave painting technique commonly used during the
Pleistocene era, in which the image is only visible when light is shone at a certain
oblique angle (the light is often referred to as raking light). It makes finding cave
drawings notoriously difficult for researchers.
,Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) - Answer- A technique similar to
photogrammetry in which 3d models can be illuminated from any angle, which
makes it much easier to detect cave drawings, specifically ones using the technique
of light engraving.
Pulsed terahertz imaging - Answer- A very recently found technology that uses infra-
red waves to penetrate through layers of prehistoric wall plaster to reveal possible
cave paintings underneath, a technique developed from full body scanners in airport
security systems, which are used to see concealed weapons or contraband. This
technique was first used in Çatalhöyük, Turkey in 2011.
Lascaux Cave - Answer- A cave in France that display over 600 cave paintings and
a thousand engravings. It was discovered in 1940 when a group of four teenagers
were trying to rescue their dog that fell down a hole, crawling into the cave revealed
hundreds of prehistoric animals painted across its walls and ceiling. It became an
extremely popular tourist attraction after WWII, but public access to the cave became
closed in 1963 because the breath and sweat of visitors created carbon dioxide and
humidity that would damage the paintings. It has no stalactites or stalagmites
because there is a layer of clay in the soil that waterproofs the cave, preserving the
hundreds of paintings and engravings within. It is believed that the many bulls and
horses depicted in the engravings and paintings are not to show what was eaten by
those humans, which would have consisted of mammoths or reindeer, but to show
what their spiritual beliefs were. Something unknown about the paintings is how long
it took to complete, though
Lascaux IV - Answer- A replica created in 2017 when the French government spent
$64 million dollars building a near perfect replica to recreate the original Lascaux
cave, which was not open to tourists due to the damage it causes to the paintings. It
is very precise due to the 3d digital scanning of the actual cave, and made with
polysterine, resin, and fibreglass. The replica tries to recreate the original as best as
possible, including playing sounds of the surrounding forest played on speakers. It
involves the traveller to go from outside to inside and back to outside. The replica
also features the hole that the boys fell down, something that was blocked off in the
original due to over heating from tourists. It has interactive tablets in its exhibits to
give visitors more information about the many displays.
Dina Casson - Answer- A member of the team that worked on the Lascaux IV's
design.
Sequencing (of a museum) - Answer- The order that a visitor of a museum travels
through its displays. It is very important to designers who want to create an authentic
experience in open-air museums.
Jean-Pierre Chadelle - Answer- An archaeologist who commends the advanced
techniques used by early humans to create the many engravings and paintings in the
Lascaux Cave. He used to give tours to the original cave.
Guillaume Colombo - Answer- Director of the museum complex at Lascaux.
The Hall of Bulls - Answer- The first big room of the replica of the Lascaux cave.
, Thorsen Kjetilis - Answer- One of the architects of the Lascaux IV museum, which he
believes is a link between the past and present, being a contemporary building cut
into the landscape and out of the landscape.
Francis Ringenbach - Answer- Led the team of 34 artists to copied the paintings of
the original Lascaux cave onto the replica in the Lascaux IV museum complex. He
tells that often the animals depicted were placed intentionally in a part which was
easier to carve, such as replacing the eye of a bison with a natural cavity instead of
carving it.
Mono-ha - Answer- A Japanese art group that is known for juxtaposing natural and
industrial materials. It literally translates to "the School of Things". The group gained
more recognition following its emergence in the late 1960s. Despite never forming a
formal association, artists of this movement were joined by a shared commitment to
a refusal of "making", or what Lee Ufan explains as a desire to present the world as
it is, without undue interference on the part of the artist or from the viewers'
expectations concerning the artist's capacity for creation.
Mika Yoshitake - Answer- Assistant curator at the Hirschhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden in Washington DC, he organized the Requiem for the Sun
Requiem for the Sun - Answer- An exhibition in 2012 organized by Mika Yoshitake
that is the first substantial offering of Mono-ha works in the US, and housed a
sample of some of the group's most celebrated works, including Phase-Mother Earth
by Nobuo Sekine. It was installed in a manner that is best described as
conscientious, though it notably lacked the tension between spontaneity and control,
which was a sense of compromise in early Mono-ha works. It also treated Mono-ha's
styles as comtemporary instead of being a stark contrast to other objects considered
art like during its emergence.
Phase—Mother Earth - Answer- A piece by Nobuo Sekina in 1968 cited as the
trigger for the formation of the Mono-ha movement in Kobe. It depicts a cylindrical
2.7-metre deep 2.2-metre in diameter hole dug into the ground and a nearby
concrete powder and dirt structure of the same shape and size. It was created with
intention linked to the Oriental philosophy that the amount of mother earth does not
change even if it is uneven. It was planned as an experiment of thought, in which an
"inverted earth" or anti-earth would form.
Lee Ufan - Answer- One of the most prolific members of the Mono-ha group who
famously explained the group's shared desire to present the world as it is, without
undue interference on the part of the artist or from viewers' expectations concerning
the artist's capacity for creation; he wished that each work was displayed with
autonomy and dependence of each object in relation to the others. He created the
works Relatum (formerly Phenomena and Perception B) (1969/2012), and Relatum
(1975/2012)
Nobuo Sekine - Answer- Created the Mono-ha piece Phase—Mother Earth in 1968
which is often touted as the trigger for the beginning of the Japanese art movement.
He completed the Graduate Program at Tama Art University, and created works
