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NURS 5334 ANTIMICROBIAL PRINCIPLES
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NURS 5334 ANTIMICROBIALPRINCIPLES
Antibiotic - Answer A substance released by a live organism that kills or slows the
reproduction of other organisms.
Antimicrobial - ANSWER Any substance, natural or manufactured, capable of
killing or suppressing microorganisms
Antimicrobial medication classification by susceptible organism - ANSWER:
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (recommended).
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Classified according to the mode of action. - ANSWER Drugs that promote cell
wall synthesis
Drugs that enhance cell membrane permeability
Drugs that produce fatal suppression of bacterial protein synthesis
Drugs that decrease protein synthesis without causing death
Drugs that affect DNA function or reduce bacterial RNA and DNA production.
Anti-metabolites
Drugs that inhibit viral replication.
Penicillins and cephalosporins are drugs that block the synthesis of cell walls.
Weaken cell walls, promoting bacterial lysis and death.
, Drugs that promote cell membrane permeability: Amphotericin B
Increase the permeability of cell membranes, leading to leakage of intracellular
substances.
Drugs that cause deadly suppression of bacterial protein synthesis - ANSWER
Aminoglycosides and Gentamicin
Tetracyclines are non-lethal inhibitors of protein synthesis.
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, and reduce microbial growth, but do not kill
germs at clinically viable quantities.
ANSWER: Drugs that impede bacterial DNA and RNA synthesis or impair DNA
function. Rifampin, metronidazole and fluoroquinolones
Binding directly to nucleic acids or interacting with enzymes essential for nucleic
acid production, and it can also bind with DNA and inhibit its function.
Anti-metabolites: Trimethoprim and sulfonamides
Disrupting certain metabolic reactions results in either a decrease in the synthesis
of necessary and components or the production of nonfunctional analogs of
minimum metabolites.
Drugs that reduce viral replication - ANSWER block specific enzymes essential in
viral replication, such as DNA, polymerase, reverse transcriptase, protease,
integrase, or neuraminidase.
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