What are the divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
What are the effectors controlled by the ANS? Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and Glands
What phrases can be used to describe the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic ...
what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous sy
what are the effectors controlled by the ans car
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BIO 114 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)? ✅Sympathetic
nervous system (SNS) and Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
What are the effectors controlled by the ANS? ✅Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and
Glands
What phrases can be used to describe the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems?
✅SNS: "Fight or Flight"
PNS: "Rest and Digest"
List the physiological changes that occur when each system is active. ✅SNS: Increase
- Metabolism, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure
Decrease - Digestion, Urinary Function
PNS: Increase - Digestion, Urinary Function
Decrease - Metabolism, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure
Name the major nerve of the Parasympathetic system and its plexuses. ✅PNS: Vagus
Nerve - Cardiac Plexus, Celiac Plexus, Inferior Mesenteric Plexus, Hypogastric
Name the splanchnic nerves of the Sympathetic system. ✅SNS: Splanchnic Nerve -
Cardiopulmonary, Abdominopelvic, Pelvic
What are the names of the receptors found in the SNS and the PNS? ✅SNS:
Adrenergic; alpha and beta receptors
PNS: Cholinergic; nicotinic and muscarinic
How do the receptors and neurotransmitters correlate in the SNS and the PNS?
✅SNS: Alpha and Beta receptors respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine (also
known as adrenaline)
PNS: Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors respond to acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the purpose of beta-blockers? ✅Decrease heart rate
What is dual innervation? ✅When both SNS and PNS influence/innervate the same
organ
List and describe the sensory receptors found in the ANS. ✅Baroreceptors (detect
change in blood pressure) and Chemoreceptors (detect change in pH); both found in
aorta (heart)
, Explain Olfaction (sense of smell) ✅The process of olfaction is the conversion of a
chemical stimulus, an odorant, into an electrical signal sent to the brain for
interpretation. It begins after olfactory sensory neurons depolarize and bind to an
odorant molecule. They travel through tiny holes that lead to the cribriform plate. Next
stop is the olfactory bulb which is the main relay station. Information from the receptor
cells are sent to the olfactory tract and is processed at the olfactory cortex in the
temporal lobe of the brain.
Gustation ✅Sense of taste provided by taste receptors responding to chemical stimuli;
cranial nerves are facial(VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X)
What tastes can be sensed by the tongue ✅Sour, bitter, salty, sweet, unami (delicious)
What are the most sensitive tastes? ✅Sour and bitter
What nerves are involved with gustation? ✅Facial(VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus
(X)
Ganglia close to spinal cord ✅Sympathetic nervous system
Ganglia close to effectors ✅Parasympathetic nervous system
Preganglionic neuron (ACh) ✅SNS: Short
PNS: Long
Postganglionic neuron (ACh) ✅SNS: Long
PNS: Short
Is SNS excitation or inhibition? ✅Excitation
Is PNS excitation of inhibition? ✅Inhibition
Is SNS stressed or relaxed? ✅Stressed
Is PNS stressed or relaxed? ✅Relaxed
Sensory organs stimulated by chemicals inhaled through the nostrils ✅Olfactory
Receptor that detects changes in pH ✅Chemoreceptors
When organs receive input from both SNS & PNS of the ANS ✅Dual Innervation
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