COMD 5070 EXAM 2 study guide questions and Answers Latest Update Fully Solved 100%
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Module
COMD 5070
Institution
COMD 5070
harmonic spectral slope [how do steep or shallow slopes relate to voice quality?] - fundamental
frequency
harmonics are integer multiples
result: a whole spectrum of sound
F0 goes up, harmonics spread
higher harmonics progressively weaker
vital capacity - *the maximum amount of air that a per...
COMD 5070 EXAM 2 study guide
harmonic spectral slope [how do steep or shallow slopes relate to voice quality?] - fundamental
frequency
harmonics are integer multiples
result: a whole spectrum of sound
F0 goes up, harmonics spread
higher harmonics progressively weaker
vital capacity - *the maximum amount of air that a person can exhale after they have done a
maximum inhalation
*maximum amount of available air for speech
u-tube manometer: how does it work? - Measures static pressure
Tube in the shape of a u
water in tube is identical until
water in the tube/pressure applied
displace water
measure the difference in height=
amount of centimeters of water displaced by pressure applied
u-tube manometer: what is it best used for? - can use to calibrate equipment used to measure
pressure
very low tech
can easily see how much pressure there was
u-tube manometer:what are its
,limitations? - rather crude
have to measure in from the difference in height of the two water columns the pressure that has been
exerted into the system
not suited to dynamic measures in speech production where pressures go up and down extremely
rapidly
sometimes by rather subtle amounts
pressure transducer - can measure the air pressure in a given space
intraoral air pressure during speech production
professor used for measures of aerodynamic speech
clear polyurethane tubes sticks into corner of a person's mouth
close lips around it while speaking
measuring speech breathing: - Most speech measures come from the oral cavity
some come from the nasal cavity
tube inside
transducer outside
measuring speech breathing: pressure patterns in speech - just inside the mouth: Pio is intra-oral
air pressure
vowels: equal to atmospheric pressure
fricatives:elevated
stop consonants: highest
measuring speech breathing: how do the ribcage and abdomen move as we speak or sing? -
increases and decreases in the volume of the lungs
,When you breathe in the diaphragm flattens out and pulls the base of the lung downward this expands
the volume inside the lungs and decreases the pressure causing a person to breathe in; also pushes
down on abdominal viscera causing the belly to expand outwards
During typical breathing the ribcage and the abdomen both expand or shrink together
subglottal pressure: what is it? - - abbreviated Ps or Psub
-pressure the lungs provide that goes up the trachea to larynx
- measure pressure directly below the larynx
- driving pressure for phonation, speech
- difficult to measure directly
How is P sub estimated? - Measure intraoral air pressure at a particular time
when pressure in the mouth is the same as pressure below the larynx
-occurs during a brief time during the production of a P or vowels (PAA, PAA, PAA)
• voiceless bilabial plosive
• vocal folds are abducted
- laryngeal devoicing gesture
• trachea and mouth are linked
- no pressure drop at the larynx
• pressure equalizes throughout system
How is sub glottal pressure measured alternatively? - • tracheal puncture
- direct, accurate measures during speech
- medical procedure (hole in trachea below larynx)
- miniaturized pressure transducer put inside the trachea
- hard to attract volunteers!
, • esophageal (balloon) pressure (NOT USED commonly)
- sensor measure the pressure on the shared wall: posterior trachea, anterior esophagus
- swallows the pressure transducer partway into the esophagus the sensor
- pressure is lower than lung pressure
- not a very practical or common procedure
subglottal pressure: how much is enough for speaking? - • 5-7 cmH2O typical for normal speech
• 15-20 cmH2O for very loud speech
clear association: Psub and SPL
lower pressure for pulse register
higher pressure for falsetto - why might this be?
phonation threshold pressure what is it? - PTP - pressure for folds to start vibrating
between 3-5 cmH2O needed to start
phonation threshold pressure: what influences it? - less that 3-5 cm H2O needed to maintain it
• PTP increases with
- dehydration
- vocal fatigue
- why might this be?
phonation threshold pressure increases with dehydration, vocal fatigue, why might this be? -
dehydration: if vocal folds are dried out and less compliant, less flexible increase in the amount of
pressure needed to make them move
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