Lecture notes
Lecture notes introduction to international relations
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- SOAS , University Of London (SOAS)
notes on the Liberal international order and how it came about
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Ikenberry — the end of liberalinternational order?
● what is the liberal intl order and how did it come about?
○ liberal intl order emerged after WWII, during the Cold War
■ foundation: C19 Enlightenment and ideas of liberalism
■ movements towards free trade, intl law, collective security and
western capitalist system
■ ideas of expanding trade → revoltions of 1848
against eur monarchies → growth of middle and
working classes → creation of political parties →
nationalism and statebuilding → peace
movements → EUR industrial age imperialism →
new ideas of the international
■ interlinked with imperialism, nationalism ,capitalism, etc.
■ C20-21: League of Nations, US-postwar order, crisis of capitalism,
post-Cold War US Unipolar moment, globalisation of liberalism and
neolib ideas, R2P
■ C20 also saw liberal ascendancy (increase in size, number,
power, and wealth of libdem)
■ initially was inside the bipolar sphere (Western bloc) during Cold War
and then spread outwards after USSR collapsed
○ offers an open, progressive, and rules-based order
■ the way liberal democracies have attempted to organise the world
○ LIO is a way of thinking about and responding to modernity, as well as
western and world order
■ based on liberal ideas in Britain, LIO can:
■ has & will develop
■ it can evolve
○ GENERAL LOGIC OF LIO:
■ openess
■ comes in the form of removing barriers to trade and deep
engagement + integration to foster peace
■ commitment to loosely rules-based set of relations
■ MULTILATERALISM: cooperation allows states to make good
on their domestic obligations / relations among general
principles of conduct
■ some form of security cooperation
■ intl soc is “corrigible”, meaning it can be reformed and power
politics can be tamed
■ expectation of LIO to go in a progressive direction (defined as
liberal democracy)
○ LIO can be regional or global and can take various forms; can be more or
less hierarchical; social purposes can be thin (providing only loose
ruleand institutions for limited cooperation and exchange among
libdems) or thick (dense set of agreements and shared commitments)
○ DOMESTIC LIBDEM AND LIO:
■ domestic libdem and LIO are closely related and have evolved:
collective efforts that should be made to manage the expanding intl
space
■ the intl was growing and it was “manageable”
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