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BIO 114 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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Hypotheses specific, testable, rejectable statements Theory when several related phenomena are identified a much larger concept is describe to explain them. A theory has a tremendous amount of evidence supporting the concept and patterns it describes 2 parts of theories pattern and process Patte...

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  • August 11, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BIO 114
  • BIO 114
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BIO 114 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypotheses ✅specific, testable, rejectable statements

Theory ✅when several related phenomena are identified a much larger concept is
describe to explain them.
A theory has a tremendous amount of evidence supporting the concept and patterns it
describes

2 parts of theories ✅pattern and process

Pattern (part 1 of a theory) ✅refers to general observations of repetition one sees
within a system

Process (part 2 of theory) ✅the mechanism or way in which the pattern occurs. There
are often several processes involved in an identified pattern.

Processes are divided into 2 processes/reasons: ✅proximate vs ultimate

Proximate processes ✅refers to that which occurs in the short-term
*usually measured in fractions of lifetimes

Ultimate processes ✅refers to a long timeframe
*usually most of a lifetime or more

Cell theory ✅all organisms are made of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells
*cell theory conclusion: if you trace a cell's lineage back far enough, you will conclude
that all cells are descended from a common ancestral cell

Evolutionary theory ✅all life, as we know it, is the product of evolutionary processes

Evolution ✅is the heritable change in population over time.
If certain heritable traits help individuals produce more offspring, then those traits
become more common in the population over time

Primary mechanism of evolution ✅natural selection
*natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change affects only populations

Biological hierarchy ✅consists of: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs
and organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the
biosphere

, Organisms ✅individuals that are typically a collection of organ systems
*organisms can be single-celled

Population ✅collections of individuals of the same species. Typically interbreeding
*if you take a lot of similar organisms that are able to breed, you form a population
*evolutionary change affects the population

What are population biologists concerned with? ✅population growth and evolutionary
processes and other changes through time

Communities ✅a collection of populations of different species living together in the
same area

Boundaries (for communities) ✅may be set up by natural structure (man made- ex:
mountains, islands, etc) or arbitrarily determined by us
*organisms that live there don't care about the boundary

What are community biologists concerned with? ✅diversity of species and
relationships each species has with other species

Ecosystems ✅communities plus their abiotic factors (water, temperature, geology,
sunlight, etc.)
*many people say ecosystems are the same as biomes. However, biome refers to a
collection of very similar ecosystems, largely bounded by global influences like weather
and climate

What are ecosystem biologists concerned with? ✅energy flow and matter cycling

Biosphere ✅is all the ecosystems (biomes) put together
*sunlight gets in, heat energy leaves, everything else stays

What are biosphere scientists concerned with? ✅climate change and other global
issues- things like ozone depletion, aquifer depletion, etc.

Why do we organize the biological hierarchy in this specific way?
Answer: emergent properties ✅the collection of the units at one level takes on a trait
that is greater than the sum of the parts. This property is what provides the next higher
level in the hierarchy an evolutionary advantage

What is an example of an emergent property at the population level? ✅evolution-
because evolution does not occur at the organism level or before. However, natural
selection happens at the organism level

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