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Exam (elaborations)

BIO 114 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and Correct Answers

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Apical Meristem Found at the tip of each stem and root and contributes to length. Primary Growth Process Increases stem and root LENGTH, before thickening. Important to developing deep roots (nutrients) and high leaves (sunlight). Secondary Growth Process Cell devision in the stem that creates la...

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  • August 11, 2024
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BIO 114 Midterm 1 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Apical Meristem ✅Found at the tip of each stem and root and contributes to length.

Primary Growth Process ✅Increases stem and root LENGTH, before thickening.
Important to developing deep roots (nutrients) and high leaves (sunlight).

Secondary Growth Process ✅Cell devision in the stem that creates lateral growth,
causing the plant to thicken, or increase in girth.

Root System (3 things) ✅1. anchors the plant to the soil
2. absorbs water ad minerals
3. stores excess food for future needs underground

Fibrous/Diffuse Root System ✅consists of many thin branched roots growing closely to
the surface, this effectively controls soil erosion (i.e. grass)

Tap Root System ✅consists of one or two sparsely branched roots deep within the soil
to draw from deep water and mineral supplies. good for shifty soil. (i.e. carrots)

Drip Zone ✅an area beyond a trees leaf canopy to which rain is channeled.

Root Caps ✅Cells developed to protect the meristems of the root from being
damaged.

Root Hairs ✅Form a fuzzy band around the root and a responsible for water intake.

Shoot System ✅consists of stems, branches, and attached leaves

Apical Bud ✅growing tip to elongate stem through cell division

Leaf Primordia ✅lobes representing the first stages of leaf formation

Axilary Bud Pimordium ✅beginning of a potential branch

Nodes ✅Where leaves and axilary buds develop, they alternate with clear sections
called internodes

3 Basic leaf arrangements (phyllotaxy) ✅opposite, alternate, whorled

Ground Covers ✅species that spread across the soil surface. ex: grass, ivy

, Cork ✅outbreak that thickens and continually flakes

Lenticels ✅breathing pores that allow gasses to pass to the inner bark

Leaf Scars ✅reminders of fallen foliage from the past

Bud Scales ✅encases winter twigs growing tip/apical meristem

Ring Scars ✅Represents periods of winter dormancy

Epidermis ✅single layer of cells serving as the outer layer of the stem (skin)

Glaucous ✅waxy surface, glauco- from the presence of wax

Pubescent ✅epidermal hairs growing on the surface of the plant to protect against
small insects

Cortex ✅the layer inside the epidermis, the chloroplasts in this layer give the plant its
green color

Pith ✅the stems center

Xylem ✅inner half of vascular tissue consisting of large water conducting cells

Phloem ✅outer half of the vascular tissue consisting of smaller food/sugar conducting
cells

Vascular Cambium ✅meristematic tissue whose cells divide in secondary growth to
thicken the stem (creates xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside of its line of
cells when it divides)

Cork Cambium ✅forms the cork/outer tissue of the tree bark

Secondary Xylem ✅aka: wood cells, water carrying cells developed by inward
expansion of the vascular cambium

Secondary Phloem ✅Formed for outer splitting cells of the vascular cambium and for
food transportation

Suberin ✅prevents evaporation and water loss

Sapwood ✅conducts water up the tree, consists of the most recently formed xylem

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