Cytokinesis in an animal cell Forms cleavage furrow due to microfilaments
Cytokinesis in a plant cell Forms cell plate to divide the cell into two
Phospholipid Bilayer Has glycerol backbone, 1 phosphate, and 2 fatty acids Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails Acts as a barrier to separate inside ce...
Biology 114 Exam 2 Questions and
Correct Answers
Cytokinesis in an animal cell ✅Forms cleavage furrow due to microfilaments
Cytokinesis in a plant cell ✅Forms cell plate to divide the cell into two
Phospholipid Bilayer ✅Has glycerol backbone, 1 phosphate, and 2 fatty acids
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
Acts as a barrier to separate inside cell from outside cell
Integral Protein ✅Spans membrane and imbedded INSIDE
Peripheral Protein ✅Loosely associated with outer or inner SURFACE
Carbohydrates ✅Sugars associated with OUTER SURFACE ONLY
Passive Transport ✅No energy required (no ATP)
Diffusion ✅Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low
concentration (concentration gradient) (DOWNHILL)
SImple Diffusion ✅Substance passes directly through phospholipid bilayer
Selective Permeability ✅Membrane allows passage of same substances but not others
Osmosis ✅Diffusion of WATER;
Movement of water through membrane from an area of high water (low solute) to low
water (high solute)
Ex - Molasses Experiment where water entered molasses solution and the level rises
over time
Tonicity ✅Relative solute concentration of two solutions
Hemolysis ✅Cell swells/Explodes (Hypotonic)
Crenation ✅Cell shrivels (Hypertonic)
Turgor Pressure ✅Plant cells swell with water coming in, does not burst because of
cell wall (Hypotonic)
, Plasmolysis ✅Plant cells shrivel with loss of water moving out of the cell (Hypertonic)
Facilitated Diffusion ✅Passive transport aided by integral membrane protein
Channel Proteins ✅Passageway/tunnel inside integral membrane protein
Ex - Water channel, Ion channel
Carrier (Integral) Proteins ✅Integral membrane protein that changes shape when a
solute binds
Ex - Sugars, Amino acids
Active Transport ✅Requires energy (ATP)
Movement of a substance through a membrane from an area of low concentration to
high concentration (UPHILL)
Needs integral membrane protein
Endocytosis ✅Uptake of large molecules and particles by forming new vesicles from
the plasma membrane
Phagocytosis (Type of endocytosis) ✅CELL EATING
Uptake of very large particles
Pinocytosis (Type of endocytosis) ✅CELL DRINKING
Uptake of fluid and solutes
No psuedopods
Receptor Mediated (Type of endocytosis) ✅Substrate first binds to a membrane
protein receptor before entering a vesicle
Highly specific
Exocytosis ✅Secretion of large molecules from the cell by the fusion of vesicles with
the plasma membrane
Secretory Pathway
Secretory Pathway ✅Endoplasmic Reticulum ---> Golgi ---> Secretory Vesicles
Fuses with membrane to discharge substances
Is bulk transport passive or active? ✅Active
Metabolism ✅Sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
Catalyst ✅Speed up reactions
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