Lecture notes
Elizabeth I's Foreign Policy
- Module
- 1C The Tudors 1485-1603
- Institution
- AQA
This document explores Elizabeth I's foreign policy in the first half of her reign and how it links to religion and her Parliament.
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Elizabeth I Foreign Policy OverviewINITIAL AIMS:
End war with France - weakened Crown’s finances (cost £300,000) and lost Calais
Maintain diplomatic peace and build stronger alliances with allies
Protect cloth trade and the borders (eg supporting Protestant Scottish pushing the French out)
Consolidate her position through her marriage
FRANCE
The Guises The Huguenot
French aristocratic faction which intended to eradicate French Protestant faction which was led by Prince Conde
Protestantism ● Massacre of Protestant Huguenots by the Duke of Guise’s
Francis II’s ascension brought this Catholic faction into power and forces start off the French wars
they wanted to use Scotland as an instrument of their policy. ● Dudley encourages E to put military pressure on French
● Mary Queen of Scots uncles had control over Francis II, who crown when it was in a weak state - Elizabeth supports them
wanted to restore the control of their sister Mary of Guise in in the religious wars in hopes of return of Calais.
Scotland (she was the regent who could protect France’s ● Example of pro-Protestant foreign policy
interests) and strengthen Mary Stuart’s claim to the English
throne.
● Guise’s fall from power in Francis’s death
➢ 1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis = England’s finances weakened so this treaty was signed which confirmed the loss of Calais, in
France’s possession for 8 years and then restored to English control (England had to remain peaceful with France) and if failed to
return, France had to pay 500,000 crowns.
➢ 1559 Francis II ascends the throne
➢ 1562 French Religious Wars start and E supports Conde in promising him 6000 men and a loan of 30k and Conde promises E Le
Havre and Dieppe as securities for eventual restoration of Calais.
➢ However Huguenots defeated and Conde captured and Duke of Guise assassinated - both sides leaderless leading to peace terms
planning to drive English out of Le Havre but plague got the town forcing peace.
➢ 1564 Treaty of Troyes = loss of Calais permanently for a payment of 120,000 crowns (less than loan given to Hugeunots and
unfavourable English terms), a blow to her prestige.
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