These notes cover Henry VIII's religious policies after the Break with Rome and explore how they change over time as Henry becomes increasingly more mixed between Catholicism and Protestantism in his doctrine.
The Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace 1536
➢ Series of rebellions in counties of the North like Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and
Cumberland
➢ 1st Stage ; rebellion broke out in Lincolnshire in October which involved 10k
men but collapsed as the royal army was sent under Duke of Suffolk
➢ 2nd Stage ; PofG led by Yorkshire lawyer Aske with 40,000 men, spread out
over the West Riding of Yorkshire and Pontefract Castle is taken by the rebels
(rebellion spreads to the Pennines and Lake District).
➢ Duke of Norfolk confronts the rebellions and persuades rebels to negotiate a
settlement with the King in the Pontefract Articles. Norfolk agrees that if the
rebels disband the pilgrims would be pardoned and the dissolved monasteries
would be restored.
➢ 3rd Stage ; Jan 1537, a renewed rebellion led by Sir Bigod in Cumberland
meant the king could go back on his promise of listening to rebels' demands
and the Duke of Norfolk suppressed rebellion. Number of rebel leaders
included Darcy and Hussey (apart of Aragonese faction), members of gentry
and heads of monastic houses were tried/executed
➢ 178 rebels were killed and Aske was executed
Reasons:
● Dissolution of monasteries affected local communities dependent on charitable
and educational functions it provided - rebels demanded restoration of
monasteries
● Over ⅓ of the Pontefract articles dealt with religion issues
● Fear that the north would be impoverished by monastic land being possessed
by Southerners.
● Rebels re-opened some monasteries apart of their rebellion
● 1535-1536 was a bad harvest year, enclosure and rack renting
● Rebels were against the Statute of Uses, a subsidy that meant people inheriting
land had to be taxed (tax resentment)
● Rebels against Tudor Subsidy Act of 1524
● As Elton argues, courtly conspiracy exploited religious and financial concerns
of rebels to put pressure on the King to restore Mary
● R Smith argued that it was the local nobility and gentry which spread the
revolts; the Percies provided 5,000 men for the cause and Lord Darcy
surrendered his castle to the rebels in Pontefract
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