ERM 450 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Section 404 of Federal Water Pollution Control Act - ANSWERSEstablishment of permit system to regulate "discharge of dredged and fill materials" into "waters of the U.S."
Executive Order 11988: Floodplain Management
Executive Order 11990: Pr...
Section 404 of Federal Water Pollution Control Act - ANSWERSEstablishment of permit system to
regulate "discharge of dredged and fill materials" into "waters of the U.S."
Executive Order 11988: Floodplain Management
Executive Order 11990: Protection of Wetlands - ANSWERSAll federal agencies must consider wetland
protection as policy
Avoid activity in floodplains - avoid supporting floodplain development
First time wetland and floodplain policies were reviewed by federal agencies
National Food Security Act (Farm Bill) 1985 - ANSWERSSoil Conservation Service develops wetland
delineation manual for agricultural areas
Farm Bill includes "swampbuster" provisions
1. Positive ID of wetland hydrology (1 primary or 2 or more secondary indicators)
2. Positive ID of hydric soil indicators
3. Dominance by hydrophytes on the site
(in most cases you need all 3) - ANSWERSWhat is needed to call a site a wetland?
Duration of wetness: 14 days of continuous saturation
Frequency of wetness: every other year
, Depth of saturation: within 12" of soil surface
Timing of wetness: during the growing season - ANSWERSHydrologic criteria based on ACOE Manual
Surface water
High water table
Saturation
Water marks
Sediment deposits
Drift deposits
Iron deposits - ANSWERSName a few primary hydrology indicators
Soil surface cracks
Drainage patterns
Moss trim lines
Dry season water table
Crayfish burrows
FAC-neutral test - ANSWERSName a few secondary hydrology indicators
Matrix value: 5+
Chroma=1
Matrix: 6+
Chroma=2 or 1
Matrix: 4 or 5
Chroma= 2
Matrix value: 4
Chroma=1 - ANSWERSTypical colors of hydric soils with depleted matrix
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