This is an in depth timeline of all the key dates in the 2N Revolution and Dictatorship course. With important dates bolded and sized up, you will be sure not to miss a single fact in your exam. Very thorough and simplifies the course into one timeline.
Contingency factors: short term
Factors deeply interlinked
Outcome X intent X cause – cannot use outcome to determine intent/ cause
Cannot judge intention by outcome
ATFQ !!!
Sources = bullet points and filter
1868: Nicholas II born – eldest son of Alexander III
1881: Nicholas and father rushed to deathbed of grandfather Alexander II – blown up by terrorist
group The People’s Will
1894: Nicholas’ dad died of kidney disease and Nicholas became Tsar – began to escalate repressive
policies
1895: Lenin sentenced to 3 year isolation in Siberia
1902: Lenin published his Treatise: What is to Be Done?
1903: 2nd Party Congress of SDs – split into 2: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
1904-5: Russo-Japanese War
1905: Bloody Sunday
1905: revolution
1905: Tsar presented October Manifesto in response to threats
1906: Nicholas went back on a lot he promised – raised Fundamental Laws, stating Russia = still
autocracy
1914: Nicholas mobilises unprepared Russian army for First World War
1914: 5.3 million soldiers mobilised
Jul 1914-Nov 1918 WORLD WAR 1
1914-16: earnings x2, food and fuel prices x4
June 1915: Zemgor formed
Aug 1915: formation of Progressive Bloc – more coordinated, 236/422 Duma deputies – liberals
Sep 1915: WW1 going very badly for Russia – Nicholas decided to assume supreme command of
Russian forces at front = German Tsarina Alexandra influenced by holy man Rasputin in charge of
home front
, June 1916: Brusilov offensive – failed
1916: 575 stations no longer capable of handling freight
1916: Petrograd receiving 1/3 of food and fuel requirements
1916: Rodzianko head of Duma realises problem is in central administration – Zemgor willing to help
war effort but rejected by Nicholas
Jan 1917: 145,000 workers on strike in Petrograd – war closing factories = unemployment
Feb 1917: REVOLUTION (organic)
14th Feb: 100,000 workers took to the street – protesting food shortages and poor working conditions
19th Feb: gov. announced plans to start rationing
23rd Feb: march for International Women’s day but mood changed in afternoon – joined by 50,000 workers
from Vyborg district
24th Feb: 150,000 armed workers on the streets – socialist orators addressed the crowds – still not massively
political
25th Feb: 200,000 workers on the streets – protests into general strike – Petrograd Garrison start to side with
the people
25th Feb: Council of Ministers advise Nicholas II not to engage in open conflict with crowd – he orders General
Khabarovsk to use military forces to put down revolution the next day
26th Feb: soldiers start shooting at the crowd – killing own people as they joined the people – more soldiers
began mutinying – 40,000 rifles, 30,000 revolvers and 100,000 guns – occupied key locations – Nicholas lost
coercive power
27th Feb: 8000 prisoners released by revolutionaries – 25,000 soldiers outside Tauride Palace – left-wing
established Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies (Petrograd Soviet), right-wing proclaimed themselves in
authority – Nicholas accepted a mutiny
28th Feb: soldiers organise defences in Petrograd and clear out last pockets of resistance – Duma tried to
restore calm and order – Soviet establishes military committee of defence
Feb 1917: Progressive Bloc (Duma) proclaim themselves new government
March 1917: (1st March) Soviet Order No. 1 gave Soviet coercive power – Provisional Government
with Dual Authority formed – Petrograd Soviet as watchdog
March 1917: (2nd March) Nicholas abdicated – after Generals advised him to do so
March 1917: PG issue Declaration of War Aims
March 1917: inflation – bread rose by 500%
March 1917: PG grants 8 hour working day and right to unions and strike
March 1917: Stalin and Kamenev return to Petrograd
April 1917: Lenin’s April Theses – returns to Petrograd
April 1917: Bolshevik member numbers grew from 10,000 to 80,000
April 1917: Trotsky joins the Bolsheviks with 4000 followers
June 1917: 400,000 marched under the Bolshevik banner in protest against the war
July 1917: July Offensive/ Kerensky Offensive launched by Kerensky Minister for War against
Germans – failed – coalition with Soviet collapsed
July 1917: July Days – Bolsheviks denounced by the Soviet
20th June: First Machine Gun Regiment ordered to send 2/3 of soldiers to front line – directly contravening
Soviet order number 1
29th June: Lenin left for Finland
3rd July: workers and soldiers marched through city in armed ranks towards Tauride Palace – car sent for Lenin
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