Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Test 1 - Varma Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Module
Cell Biology
Institution
Cell Biology
Why would covalent bonds break in water? Why can they? - Because more stable or energetically
favored bonds could be formed. They can break because the loss of energy by breaking hydrogen bonds
in compensated for in the formation of new covalent bonds.
Limitation to eukaryotic cells and photosyn...
Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Test 1 - Varma
Why would covalent bonds break in water? Why can they? - Because more stable or energetically
favored bonds could be formed. They can break because the loss of energy by breaking hydrogen bonds
in compensated for in the formation of new covalent bonds.
Limitation to eukaryotic cells and photosynthesis - The sea slugs that live in symbiotic
relationships with cyanobacteria or algae. The algae is not broken down or digested and absorbed into
the slug's body. There is then a horizontal gene transfer.
Large examples of eukaryotic cells are... - Yeast or amoebas
Differentiating factors between plant and animal cells - 1. Cell wall
2. Large central vacuole as opposed to vesicles
2. Chloroplasts
Who created the theory that all cells came from a single cell - Carl Woose
4 most common elements in living organisms - Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Types of intramolecular bonds (2) - ionic and covalent
When bonds form, energy is... - released
When bonds break, energy is - absorbed
Why is energy released when bonds form - Because the molecules moves to a more energetically
stable state with full shells of valence electrons rather than partially filled orbitals
,When does a polar bond form - When there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two
different atoms
A covalent bond's angles depends on its... - hybridization state
Linear (Angle/Hybridization) - 180/sp
Trigonal planar (Angle/Hybridization) - 120/sp2
Tetrahedral (Angle/Hybridization) - 109.5/sp3
Strength of an intramolecular bond depends on (2) - 1. Atoms involved
2. The physical environment
What is responsible for the neutral pH of water? - H20 dissociation into equal amounts of -OH and
H+
pH formula - -log[H+]
Why can ATP be hydrolyzed if it costs energy? - Because only the hydrolysis costs energy. The
formation of new ATP compensates for the energy lost in the first reaction, but the overall change is
more important in determining if the reaction will happen spontaneously.
What are energy carriers, and what are 4 examples? - Molecules whose hydrolysis releases
"useful" energy (for the coupling of reactions
Examples:
1. ATP
2. NADPH
3. NADH
4. Acetyl CoA
, What are the four major families of organic molecules? - 1. Amino Acids
2. Nucleotides
3. Monosaccharides
4. Fatty Acids
What are the four basic macromolecules in a cell? - 1. Proteins
2. Nucleic Acids
3. Polysaccharides
4. Lipids
What is the most abundant molecule in the cell and at what percentage? - Water, 70%
What is the most abundant organic molecule in the cell? - Proteins
What is the general formula for sugars? - Cm(H20)n
What is the relationship between glucose and fructose? - Isomers
What is glucose plus fructose? - Sucrose
What are the five functions of sugars? - 1. Storage of energy
2. Cell walls (cellulose)
3. Extracellular matrix
4. DNA/RNA
5. Can be linked to proteins
What kind of reaction are all macromolecules formed by? - Dehydration Reaction
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