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Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Test 1 - Varma Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct. £6.51   Add to cart

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Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Test 1 - Varma Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.

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  • Module
  • Cell Biology
  • Institution
  • Cell Biology

Why would covalent bonds break in water? Why can they? - Because more stable or energetically favored bonds could be formed. They can break because the loss of energy by breaking hydrogen bonds in compensated for in the formation of new covalent bonds. Limitation to eukaryotic cells and photosyn...

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  • August 13, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Cell Biology
  • Cell Biology
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Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Test 1 - Varma
Why would covalent bonds break in water? Why can they? - Because more stable or energetically
favored bonds could be formed. They can break because the loss of energy by breaking hydrogen bonds
in compensated for in the formation of new covalent bonds.



Limitation to eukaryotic cells and photosynthesis - The sea slugs that live in symbiotic
relationships with cyanobacteria or algae. The algae is not broken down or digested and absorbed into
the slug's body. There is then a horizontal gene transfer.



Large examples of eukaryotic cells are... - Yeast or amoebas



Differentiating factors between plant and animal cells - 1. Cell wall

2. Large central vacuole as opposed to vesicles

2. Chloroplasts



Who created the theory that all cells came from a single cell - Carl Woose



4 most common elements in living organisms - Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen



Types of intramolecular bonds (2) - ionic and covalent



When bonds form, energy is... - released



When bonds break, energy is - absorbed



Why is energy released when bonds form - Because the molecules moves to a more energetically
stable state with full shells of valence electrons rather than partially filled orbitals

,When does a polar bond form - When there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two
different atoms



A covalent bond's angles depends on its... - hybridization state



Linear (Angle/Hybridization) - 180/sp



Trigonal planar (Angle/Hybridization) - 120/sp2



Tetrahedral (Angle/Hybridization) - 109.5/sp3



Strength of an intramolecular bond depends on (2) - 1. Atoms involved

2. The physical environment



What is responsible for the neutral pH of water? - H20 dissociation into equal amounts of -OH and
H+



pH formula - -log[H+]



Why can ATP be hydrolyzed if it costs energy? - Because only the hydrolysis costs energy. The
formation of new ATP compensates for the energy lost in the first reaction, but the overall change is
more important in determining if the reaction will happen spontaneously.



What are energy carriers, and what are 4 examples? - Molecules whose hydrolysis releases
"useful" energy (for the coupling of reactions

Examples:

1. ATP

2. NADPH

3. NADH

4. Acetyl CoA

, What are the four major families of organic molecules? - 1. Amino Acids

2. Nucleotides

3. Monosaccharides

4. Fatty Acids



What are the four basic macromolecules in a cell? - 1. Proteins

2. Nucleic Acids

3. Polysaccharides

4. Lipids



What is the most abundant molecule in the cell and at what percentage? - Water, 70%



What is the most abundant organic molecule in the cell? - Proteins



What is the general formula for sugars? - Cm(H20)n



What is the relationship between glucose and fructose? - Isomers



What is glucose plus fructose? - Sucrose



What are the five functions of sugars? - 1. Storage of energy

2. Cell walls (cellulose)

3. Extracellular matrix

4. DNA/RNA

5. Can be linked to proteins



What kind of reaction are all macromolecules formed by? - Dehydration Reaction

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