PCB 3023 Exam 1 Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Module
PCB 3023
Institution
PCB 3023
formation of macromolecules by condensation reactions - subunits are added to one end of a
growing chain by dehydration synthesis
What Constrains the size of a cell? - The ratio of surface area to volume. Smaller cells have a
greater surface area to volume ratio.
Miller-Urey experiment - recrea...
PCB 3023 Exam 1
formation of macromolecules by condensation reactions - subunits are added to one end of a
growing chain by dehydration synthesis
What Constrains the size of a cell? - The ratio of surface area to volume. Smaller cells have a
greater surface area to volume ratio.
Miller-Urey experiment - recreated conditions thought to exist in the atmosphere of primitive
earth. No Oxygen!
Used heat to simulate sun, electric discharge to simulate lightning, and cooling to condense molecules to
liquid form.
7 simple molecules: water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, co2, co, methane, and hydrogen.
Miller-Urey results - With each round of heating, energy radiation, and cooling, more complex
organisms were formed:
1. aldehydes
2. simple acids
3. more complex acids
Suggests organic molecules can form under abiotic conditions.
Ribozome catalyzed reactions - observed in:
genome replication in some RNA viruses
intron splicing
ribosome function in translation
Evidence for RNA World - RNA can catalyze the polymerization of nucleotides, including the
synthesis of complementary RNA, using itself as a template. Not observed in DNA.
, The first cell - self-replicating RNA and other life-promoting molecules inside a phospholipid
membrane
Surface area to volume ratio - radius = 1cm -> Surface area : volume ratio is ~ 3:1
Radius = 10cm -> Suface area : volume ratio is ~ 1:3
High sa : v ratio means - more membrane per unite of volume. important for the cell to interact
with its environment. smaller cell interact more efficiently; less likely to lose energy as heat to
surroundings.
prokaryotic cell - no nucleus
no organelles
single chromosome (in nucleoid area) +plasmids
cell wall
capsule
most diverse of cells
Photosynthetic bacteria - obtain energy from sunlight. have internal system of membranes where
photosynthesis occurs.
chemosynthetic - derive energy from oxidation of H2S.
ex. Filamentous Beggiatoa
Mitochondria - organelles found in most eukaryotic cells and generate most of the cell's supply of
usable energy. extract energy from food
DNA-containing organelles (endosymbionts)
enclosed by double membrane
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