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Lecture notes of 13 pages for the course Chemistry at Chemistry (Best subject notes)
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CHEMISTRY (Code No. 043)XI-XII(2023-24)
XI-XII (2024-25)
Rationale
Higher Secondary is the most crucial stage of school education because at this juncture specialized discipline
based, content -oriented courses are introduced. Students reach this stage after 10 years of general education
and opt for Chemistry with a purpose of pursuing their career in basic sciences or professional courses like
medicine, engineering, technology and study courses in applied areas of science and technology at tertiary
level. Therefore, there is a need to provide learners with sufficient conceptual background of Chemistry, which
will make them competent to meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after the senior
secondary stage.
The new and updated curriculum is based on disciplinary approach with rigour and depth taking care that the
syllabus is not heavy and at the same time it is comparable to the international level. The knowledge related
to the subject of Chemistry has undergone tremendous changes during the past one decade. Many new areas
like synthetic materials, bio -molecules, natural resources, industrial chemistry are coming in a big way and
deserve to be an integral part of chemistry syllabus at senior secondary stage. At international level, new
formulations and nomenclature of elements and compounds, symbols and units of physical quantities floated
by scientific bodies like IUPAC and CGPM are of immense importance and need to be incorporated in the
updated syllabus. The revised syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Greater emphasis has been laid on use
of new nomenclature, symbols and formulations, teaching of fundamental concepts, application of concepts
in chemistry to industry/ technology, logical sequencing of units, removal of obsolete content and repetition,
etc.
Objectives
The curriculum of Chemistry at Senior Secondary Stage aims to:
• promote understanding of basic facts and concepts in chemistry while retaining the excitement of chemistry.
• make students capable of studying chemistry in academic and professional courses (such as medicine,
engineering, technology) at tertiary level.
• expose the students to various emerging new areas of chemistry and apprise them with their relevance in
future studies and their application in various spheres of chemical sciences and technology.
• equip students to face various challenges related to health, nutrition, environment, population, weather,
industries and agriculture.
• develop problem solving skills in students.
• expose the students to different processes used in industries and their technological applications.
• apprise students with interface of chemistry with other disciplines of science such as physics, biology, geology,
engineering etc.
• acquaint students with different aspects of chemistry used in daily life.
• develop an interest in students to study chemistry as a discipline.
• integrate life skills and values in the context of chemistry.
, COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS–XI (THEORY) (2024-25)
(2023-24)
Time: 3 Hours Total Marks70
S.No UNIT No. of Marks
Periods
1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 12 7
2 Structure of Atom 14 9
3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in 8 6
Properties
4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 14 7
5 Chemical Thermodynamics 16 9
6 Equilibrium 14 7
7 Redox Reactions 6 4
8 Organic Chemistry: Some basic Principles and 14 11
Techniques
9 Hydrocarbons 12 10
TOTAL 70
Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 12 Periods
General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry.
Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements,
atoms and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition,
empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on
stoichiometry.
Unit II: Structure of Atom 14 Periods
Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's
model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its
limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's
relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes
of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion
principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.
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