Lecture notes
Psychiatry summary
- Module
- Institution
Its a good, comprehensive summary that encompasses everything.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
thatodiaho
Content preview
GNK 581Psychiatry
Lecture Notes
Done by: Erin Holmes
Sadiyah Ismail
Elmé Nel
MBChB V 2023
,Lecture: Page: Lecture: Page:
Psychiatric Symptoms 1 Anxiety Disorders in Adults 59
Evaluation & Diagnostic Classification 3 Anxiety Disorders in Children 63
Psychiatric Disorders due to General Medical Conditions 6 Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders 69
Schizophrenia Spectrum 11 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 73
Schizophrenia 14 Somatic Symptom & Other Disorders 76
Pharms – Anti-psychotics 17 Somatic Symptom & Other Disorders – Case Studies 80
Substance Related & Addictive Disorders 21 Aggression 84
Neurocognitive Disorders 27 Personality Disorders 87
Depressive Disorders 31 Sleep-Wake Disturbances 91
Depressive Disorders in Children 34 Suicide & Murder 96
Pharms – Anti-depressants 38 Mental Health Care Act 98
Electro-convulsive Therapy 41 Intellectual Disability 100
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 43 Autism Spectrum Disorders 102
Bipolar Disorder 45 ADHD 104
Pharms – Mood Stabilisers 51 Eating & Feeding Disorders 107
Dissociative Disorders 54
,Psychiatric Symptoms & Signs Speech: Anxiety & Related Normal Thought Form:
Behavioural Symptoms: Echolalia: Pathological imitation of another person’s speech. Symptoms:
Motor Behaviours, Conation, Psychomotor Activity: Logorrhoea: increase in quantity of speech. Anxiety: feeling of
Poverty of Speech: decrease in quantity of speech. apprehension caused by
- Motor behaviour/activity expressing a person’s
impulses, drives, wishes, instincts, cravings & Poverty of Speech content: adequate amount of speech, but lacks anticipation of danger.
motivation. information due to vagueness. Fear: anxiety caused by a
- Decreased (psychomotor retardation). Pressure of Speech: rapid speech of increased quantity that is real/ realistic danger.
- Increased (psychomotor agitation). difficult to interrupt. Phobia: Persistent, irrational
Circumstantiality:
Catatonia: Nonspontaneous Speech: speech only in response to questions. exaggerated, pathological
Dysprosody: loss of normal melody/ prosody/ rhythm of speech. dread of a specific
- Catatonic Rigidity
- Catatonic Posturing Stuttering: frequent repetition/ prolongation of a sound/ syllable stimulus/situation.
- Waxy flexibility (catalepsy) leading to impaired speech fluency. Panic Attack: acute,
- Catatonic Stupor Dysarthria: problems with articulation (pronunciation, NOT episodic, intense attack of
- Akinesia language). anxiety with autonomic
- Catatonic excitement Aphasia: difficulties with language output (language, NOT symptoms associated with
pronunciation). overwhelming feelings of
- Catatonic Mutism
dread. Tangentiality:
Negatism: motiveless resistance against instruction,
questioning or to be moved. Mood & Affect: Obsession: pathological
Stereotyped Behaviour: repetitive fixed pattern of motor Mood → pervasive & sustained emotion subjectively experienced. persistence of an irresistible
behaviour. ➢ Dysphoric/ Melancholic – Unpleasant, low mood. thought or feeling that can’t
➢ Euthymic mood – normal range of mood. be eliminated from
Mannerisms & Tics:
- Habitual, ingrained, unconscious movements. ➢ Ecstatic/ Elevated/ Euphoric/ Elated – abnormally increased consciousness by logical
- Unconscious, spasmodic motor movements. ‘high’ mood state. effort (associated with
Echopraxia: ➢ Depressed – psycho-pathologically sad, dysphoric, anxiety).
- Pathological imitation of another person’s melancholic mood state. Compulsion: pathological Derailment:
movement. ➢ Mania – mood characterised by elation, hyperactivity, need to act on an impulse/
hypersexuality, as well as pressured speech & thought. obsession that, if resisted,
Ataxia:
- Muscle incoordination. ➢ Irritable – easily angered. produces anxiety.
Tremor: ➢ Labile – oscillations between depression & elation.
- Involuntary, rapid, rhythmical, alternating ➢ Alexithymic – inability to be aware of/describe ones Psychosis:
movement. emotions. The Inability to distinguish
Chorea: ➢ Anhedonic – loss of interest in all pleasurable activities. reality from fantasy.
3 Groups of Psychotic
- Involuntary, rapid, random, jerky, purposeless
movements. Affect is the objectively observed expression of emotion: Symptoms:
- Restricted: severe reduction observable expression of ➢ Disordered thought Loosening of Associations:
Dyskinesia:
- Difficulty performing voluntary movements. emotion. form (how we think) →
Dystonia: - Blunted: even greater reduction in observable expression of manifests as
- Sustained contractions of opposing muscle groups of emotion. disorganized speech.
- Flat: absence/near absence of observable expression of ➢ Disordered though
the trunk or limbs.
Akathisia: emotion. content (what we think
- Subjective feeling of inner restlessness & muscle - Appropriate: observable expression of emotion is in harmony of) → delusions.
tension secondary to antipsychotic medication, with the mood described. ➢ Disordered perception:
presenting with pacing & other signs of - Inappropriate: observable expression of emotion isn’t in hallucinations,
harmony with the mood described. illusions.
psychomotor agitation.
1
, Inappropriate/ Irrelevant Thought Form Disorders: Perceptual Disturbances:
Answer: Overinclusiveness: speech containing unnecessarily excessive detail. Hallucination: false sensory perception not associated with real
Perseveration: persisting response to a previous stimulus, even following a external stimuli.
new stimulus. Types according to senses:
Verbigeration: meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases. - Auditory hallucination: perception of sound, usually voices.
Word salad: incoherent mixture of words/ phrases. - Visual hallucination: perception of seeing images.
Neologisms: made up words that don’t form part of any language. - Olfactory hallucination: perception of smell.
Echolalia: pathological repeating of words/ phrases of one person be - Gustatory hallucination: perception of taste.
another. - Tactile hallucination: perception of touch.
Other Hallucinations:
Delusions: - Cenesthetic Hallucination: perception of sensation in an organ
Fixed, false beliefs, based on incorrect inferences about external reality that unable to experience sensation.
Thought Blocking: cannot be corrected by reasoning. - Hypnagogic Hallucination: non-pathological perception
Types: occurring while falling asleep.
Delusions of Persecution: belief of being harassed, cheated or persecuted. - Hypnopompic Hallucination: non-pathological perception
Delusion of Grandeur: belief of exaggerated importance, power or identity. occurring while awake from sleep.
Delusion of Reference: belief of behaviour of others refers to him/herself. Illusion: Misperception/ misinterpretation of real external sensory
Delusion of Poverty: belief of being bereft of all material possessions. stimuli.
Nihilistic Delusion: Belief that one’s self, others or the world is non-existent
or is coming to an end.
Somatic Delusion: belief surrounding a part of the body.
Delusion of Control: belief of one’s will, thoughts or feelings are being
Flight of Ideas: controlled by external forces.
Bizarre Delusion: absurd, totally implausible, strange belief.
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller thatodiaho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.22. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now