During this developmental stage, a child possesses progress from concrete to abstract
thinking and can comprehend past, present, future themes. Children also tend to be
"egocentric" during this stage.
a. Sensorimotor Stage
b. Concrete Operational stage
c. Preoperational Stage
d. Formal Operations Stage - answerc. Preoperational Stage - According to Jean Piaget
and his theory on cognitive development, children between the ages of 2-7 years
possess more concrete thinking and can comprehend time through past, present and
future themes. During this stage they are more "egocentric". This is part of Piaget's
theory on cognitive development.
According to John Bowlby and his position on attachment theory, during which stage
does a child begin to cry when an unfamiliar person tries to hold or closely approach
them.
a. Learned behavior
b. Stranger anxiety
c. Separation anxiety
d. Separation Anxiety Disorder - answerb. Stranger anxiety - Stranger anxiety begins in
an infant at 5 to 9 months old when an unfamiliar person other than the child's parents
attempts to hold or closely approach the child. This behavior intensifies about one year
and discontinues when the child reaches 2 years of age.Learned behavior is a set of
behaviors learned when the child interacts with his or her caretaker (mother) who
provides food as comfort. This helps to form attachment. Separation anxiety begins
around 6 to 8 months and the behaviors include being upset and anxious when the
caregiver is out of his or her sight or leaves the room. Separation Anxiety Disorder
occurs later in childhood and is characterized by excessive worry about being away
from a caregiver. This behavior is not typical or appropriate for the age of the child at
which it occurs.
In which of the five stages of Maslow's hierarchy of needs does an individual experience
his or her true calling, dealing with the world around them "as it is" and has a glimmer of
what it is like to be complete?
,a. Esteem needs
b. Safety needs
c. Physiological needs
d. Self-actualization - answerd. Self-actualization - according to Maslow, is where a
person needs to be his or herself despite one's environment. Typically, only 1% of the
population consistently operates on this level. An individuals who is "self actualized" is
in a position to find his or her true calling (i.e, an actor, writer, or musician). The other
listed answer options are other needs in the hierarchy.
Craig is a client who just entered into psychotherapy to address issues surrounding
trauma. His therapist, a licensed clinical social worker, finds that he has the inability to
acknowledge his true feelings when he describes the nature of this past sexual abuse.
Craig states, "I just can't believe my Dad would do this to me. He wouldn't do this to me
because he's my Dad". Which defense mechanism is Craig exhibiting?
a. Denial
b. Acting out
c. Compensation
d. Dissociation - answera. Denial
A case worker is currently working with a client her age assisting her in accessing
services through the local community center. The case worker finds the client rude and
self-centered. When reviewing the case with her supervisor, the case worker informs
her supervisor that the client "hates her". Which defensive mechanism is this case
worker exhibiting?
a. Introjection
b. Projective Identification
c. Projection
d. Incorporation - answerc. Projection - Projection, which the case worker is exhibiting,
is a primitive defense, attributing one's disowned attitudes, wishes, and feelings onto
some external object or person. In this case, the case worker does not like certain
behaviors of the client and projects her feelings of dislike onto the client.Projective
Identification is a form of projection. However, its more utilized with individuals
diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), which they are unconsciously
perceiving others' behaviors as a reflection of one's own identity. Introjection is
generally where a person adopts or replicates the behaviors or attributes of others.
Incorporation is a primitive behavior where "psychic" representations of a person (parts
of a person) are figuratively ingested. This individual is not exhibiting their true authentic
self.
This term refers to the idea that one is a member of a particular cultural, national or
racial group that shares or has similarities such as a common language, history, society,
culture and/or religion.
a. Ethnicity
b. Race
c. Cultural identity
d. Cultural diversity - answera. Ethnicity
Amy, a Program Director of a small community clinic, is in charge of determining and
addressing the needs of the clinics mental health program. She wants to better
understand why clients are not utilizing the therapeutic services consistently. Which
assessment tool would be most appropriate to determine the needs and addressing the
potential gaps of the program?
a. Formative evaluation
b. Summative evaluation
c. Needs assessment
d. Cost-benefit analysis - answerc. Needs assessment - A needs assessment is a
systematic process for determining and addressing gaps between current and desired
conditions. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of a program with the aim of
improving it in order to meet current and future challenges. There are multiple methods
for conducting needs assessments, which can be conducted by consultants, staff and
volunteers who are internal or external to the community clinic.
"Formative evaluation" examines the processes as they occur during the
implementation phase of a program. "Summative evaluation" focuses on determining a
program's effectiveness or examining it outcomes. "Cost-benefit analysis" determines
the financial costs of operating a program as compared with the fiscal benefits of its
outcomes.
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