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lilley pharm- ch 2 test bank PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES 11th Edition Newest Version 2024/2025
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lilley pharm- ch 2 test bankPHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
The patient is receiving two different drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs
have the same concentration of the active ingredient. Which term is used to identify this
principle?
a. Bioequivalent
b. Synergistic
c. Prodrugs
d. Steady state - ANS ANS: A
-Two drugs absorbed into the circulation in the same amount (in specific dosage forms) have
the same bioavailability; thus, they are bioequivalent
-A drug's steady state is the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via
elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed from each dose
-The term synergistic refers to two drugs, given together, with a resulting effect that is greater
than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone.
-A prodrug is an inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various
biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
When given an intravenous medication, the patient says to the nurse, "I usually take pills. Why
does this medication have to be given in the arm?" What is the nurse's best answer?
a. "The medication will cause fewer adverse effects when given intravenously."
b. "The intravenous medication will have delayed absorption into the body's
tissues."
c. "The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously."
d. "There is a lower chance of allergic reactions when drugs are given
intravenously." - ANS ANS: C
An intravenous (IV) injection provides the fastest route of absorption. The IV route does not
affect the number of adverse effects, nor does it cause delayed tissue absorption (it results in
faster absorption). The IV route does not affect the number of allergic reactions.
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral
drugs?
a. Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect.
b. Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach.
c. Absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty.
d. Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream. - ANS ANS: A
-Drugs given by the parenteral route bypass the first-pass effect. Reduced blood flow to the
stomach and the presence of food in the stomach apply to enteral drugs (taken orally), not to
parenteral drugs.
, -Parenteral drugs must be absorbed into cells and tissues from the circulation before they can
exert their effects; they do not exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream.
When monitoring the patient receiving an intravenous infusion to reduce blood pressure, the
nurse notes that the patient's blood pressure is extremely low, and the patient is lethargic and
difficult to awaken. This would be classified as which type of adverse drug reaction?
a. Adverse effect
b. Allergic reaction
c. Idiosyncratic reaction
d. Pharmacologic reaction - ANS ANS: D
-A pharmacologic reaction is an extension of a drug's normal effects in the body. In this case,
the antihypertensive drug lowered the patient's blood pressure levels too much. The other
options do not describe a pharmacologic reaction.
-An adverse effect is a predictable, well-known adverse drug reaction that results in minor or no
changes in patient management.
-An allergic reaction (also known as a hypersensitivity reaction) involves the patient's immune
system.
-An idiosyncratic reaction is unexpected and is defined as a genetically determined abnormal
response to normal dosages of a drug.
The nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses. Which
sentence defines a drug's half-life?
a. The time it takes for the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response
b. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target
cells
c. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from
the body
d. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into
the circulation - ANS ANS: C
A drug's half-life is the time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed
from the body.
-It is a measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body. The other options are
incorrect definitions of half-life.
When administering drugs, the nurse remembers that the duration of action of a drug is defined
as which of these?
a. The time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response
b. The amount of time needed to remove a drug from circulation
c. The time it takes for a drug to achieve its maximum therapeutic response
d. The time period at which a drug's concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response -
ANS ANS: D
-Duration of action is the time during which drug's concentration is sufficient to elicit a
therapeutic response. The other options do not define duration of action.
-A drug's onset of action is the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response.
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