1. Science
2. Medicine
Exam 4 Pharm Study Guide
Terms in this set (64)
Original
What factors determine the arterial blood pressure?
CO (cardiac output) and SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
What is used to find blood pressure in the ICU?
ART line
Complications of Untreated Hypertension
Heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, kidney problems, eye problems, metabolic syndrome,
changes in memory+understanding, dementia
How long are hypertensive drugs used?
Usually life-long.
What is a possible complication of Doxazosin (Cardura)?
The first dose can cause hypotension. Education for the patient to sit down is crucial because the
patient may become dizzy.
What do beta blockers such as propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol treat?
%
Propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol treat angina or chest pain as well as hypertension.
What is important to monitor for beta blockers such as propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol?
It is important to monitor for bradycardia when given for chest pain. It is also important to monitor for
both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
What are some indications for adrenergic drugs?
Hypertension, glaucoma, management of severe heart failure when used w/ cardiac
glycosides+diuretics
What are some adverse effects with adrenergic drugs?
Bradycardia with reflex tachycardia, Dry mouth, Drowsiness, sedation, Constipation, Depression,
Edema, Sexual dysfunction i.e., impotence in men, Orthostatic hypotension
What does the Alpha1 Blocker Doxazosin (Cardura) do?
Reduction in PVR. Dilates both arterial and venous blood vessels.
What do Alpha1 Blockers end in?
-in (prazosin, tramulosin,
What do Ace Inhibitors end in?
-pril (lisinopril, benazepril, fosinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril)
What does captopril do?
It is the 1st line prevention of ventricular remodeling after MI. It reduces risk of HF after MI. It is also
the 1st line treatment in patients with liver disease (not aprodrug). Captopril does not need to be
metabolized by the liver before becoming active in the patient'ssystem
, What are ACE inhibitors used for in terms of liver?
Used for patients with liver disease or dysfunction.
When do ACE inhibitors become active?
ACE Inhibtors are a PRODRUG/ They become active when they are metabolized in the body, usually
by the liver.
What can ACE inhibitors do for a patient with diabetes?
Renal protective effects in patients with diabetes- reduces glomerular filtration pressure
Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors
Fatigue, Dizziness, Headache, Mood changes, Impaired taste, Possible hyperkalemia, Dry,
nonproductive cough, which reverses when therapy is stopped, Angioedema: rare but potentially
fatal
What is an important caution for ACE inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs may have potentially serious interaction.
What do Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers end in?
-tan (osartan, eprosartan, *valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, azilsartan)
What is an important indication for Calcium Channel Blockers?
1st line treatment of hypertension for a newly diagnosed hypertensive black patient
What do Calcium Channel Blockers end in?
-pine (Felodipine, Isradipine, Nicardipine., Nifedipine, Nisoldipine, Amlodipine) Calcium Channel
Blockers that don't follow this pattern are Diltiazem and Verapamil.
What is a side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers?
%
Constipation. Educate pt to engage in a high fiber diet and plenty of fluids to help prevent this.
Adverse effects of vasodilators
An adverse effect for an older patient can be hypotension.
What is the maximum amount of time that the maximum dose of Nitropruside should be given?
10 minutes.
Selective Aldosterone Blockers (Eplerenone + Inspra-) used for? In what situations are they not
given?
Routine or for post MI.
Not given with K+ of 5.5mEq/L or greater.
Not given with kidney dysfunction.
What is a nursing diagnosis (human needs statement) for a patient newly diagnosed with
hypertension?
Altered sexual function
Chronic Stable Angina (aka classic/effort angina)
Primary cause?: Atherosclerosis.
Triggered by stress+overexertion.
Stimulates SNS (sympathetic nervous system)
Pain is intense but subsides w/ rest or after medication.
Side effect of Nitrites and Nitrates?
