BSC1005 EXAM 4
The field of science that involves assigning names to organisms is known as taxonomy. Organisms are
classified in a hierarchy that includes domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and
species. The Linnaean system consists of a structured hierarchy in which taxonomic groups are
organized systematically, and it is incorrect to say that scientists categorize organisms into three
domains of plants, animals, and protists; instead, there are three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and
Eukarya.
Chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor, highlighting their evolutionary relationship. A
phylogenetic tree serves as a visual representation of the evolutionary connections among organisms,
and in the Linnaean classification, families are grouped into orders. Researchers involved in systematics
focus on organizing and classifying organisms. Within the taxonomic classification system, species
represent the most specific group.
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, and all life on Earth has descended
from a common ancestor. A branch point on a phylogenetic tree signifies where a single lineage diverges
into distinct new lineages. In fungi, a hypha refers to the filament composed of one or more cells, and
the fungus responsible for producing the antibiotic penicillin is Penicillium notatum. The term
ectomycorrhiza describes the close association between a fungus and the roots of a tree.
Fungi positively contribute to soil health by increasing bulk and helping retain water and nutrients.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is significant in human activities because it ferments sugars to produce carbon
dioxide during bread making. Saprobes play a crucial role in ecosystems by recycling dead organic
material into inorganic compounds.
Chitin is commonly found in the cell walls of fungi, and they are vital decomposers by recycling carbon
and inorganic minerals through decomposition. The three domains of life include Archaea, Bacteria, and
Eukarya. The correct format for writing a scientific name is italicized, as in *Homo sapiens*. In the
scientific name Canis lupus, "Canis" refers to the genus.
In the context of evolutionary changes during climate shifts, if a new species emerges from an ancestral
one, this is an example of a branch point. Carl Linnaeus is recognized as the scientist who developed the
modern classification system. The taxonomic rank that encompasses the second largest number of
organisms is the kingdom.
, When discussing a Valencia orange tree with nine pairs of chromosomes, it indicates that the plant is a
sporophyte, reflecting the dominant stage of its life cycle. In a biology lab scenario, distinguishing
between plant and animal cells could be achieved by identifying features such as a cell membrane,
mitochondria, cytoplasm, and a nucleus, which are characteristic of animal cells. Vascular tissue evolved
as a means to efficiently transport materials throughout a plant.
As plants have evolved, some adaptations have allowed them to grow taller, giving them an advantage
by accessing more sunlight. Once spores are released and settle in a suitable environment, they can
develop into a gametophyte. If one were a multicellular photosynthetic protist in a pond, a reason to
remain in the water instead of moving onto land is that water magnifies light, allowing for better
sunlight access beneath the surface.
Plants have played a critical role in the evolution of animals by producing oxygen and serving as the
foundational food source. The cuticle is a trait in land plants that protects leaves and stems from
desiccation.
many plant derived drugs including caffeine, cocaine, and opium are just some of the alkaloids produced
by plants. collectively alkaloids serve as an evolutionary adaptation... ✔️that deters animals from
consuming them due to unpleasant or even lethal side effects.
which of the following is not a characteristic found in most plants? ✔️they do not stop growing, they
have chloroplasts in at least some of their cells, they reproduce sexually, and most but not all produce
seeds.
which of the following are seedless and nonvascular, and likely appeared early ini land plant evolution?
✔️liverworts, bryophytes, mosses and hornworts
all nonvascular plants are collectively known as ____________ ✔️bryophytes
the seedless vascular plants include ____________ ✔️whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails and ferns
which of the following describes an adaptation that contain tubelike structures which have evolved for
the efficient transport of liquid material throughout a plant's body? ✔️vascular tissue
