Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Definition of homologous series
Answer: A series of organic compounds with the same functional group each successive member differs by CH2
2.
Definition of functional group
Answer: An atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic compound
3.
What is an alkyl group (R group)
Answer: CnH2n+1 Example: methyl group -CH3
4.
What is an aliphatic molecule
Answer: A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic (alicyclic ring)
5.
What is an alicyclic molecule
Answer: An aliphatic compound arranged in a non-aromatic ring with or without side chains Example: cyclohexane
6.
What is a nucleophile?
Answer: A nucleophile is an electron pair donor
7.
What is an electrophile?
Answer: An electrophile is an electron pair acceptor
8.
What does a curly arrow show in a mechanism
Answer: Movement of a pair of electrons
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is an alkane?
Answer: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons Saturated = single bonds between all carbons Hydrocarbon = compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
2.
What is the general formula of a straight or branched alkane
Answer: CnH2n+2
3.
What is the general formula of a cyclic alkane
Answer: CnH2n
4.
What is a sigma (σ) bond?
Answer: Shared pair of electrons formed from the overlap of orbitals directly between the nuclei of the bonded atoms
5.
Explain the shape and bond angle around each carbon in an alkane
Answer: 4 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs Electron pairs repel To form a tetrahedral shape with 109.5o bond angle
6.
Describe and explain the effect of chain length on mpt/bpt of an alkane
Answer: Increasing chain length increases mpt/bpt More electrons Greater surface area of contact Stronger London Forces requiring more energy to overcome
7.
Describe and explain the effect of branching on mpt/bpt of an alkane
Answer: Increasing branching decreases mpt/bpt Decreases surface area of contact Weaker London Forces requiring less energy to overcome
8.
Explain the lack of reactivity of alkanes with many reagents
Answer: High bond enthalpy of C-C and C-H bonds Very low polarity of σ-bonds
9.
What are the products of complete combustion
Answer: Carbon dioxide and water (vapour)
10.
What are the products of incomplete combustion
Answer: Carbon monoxide or carbon (soot) and water (vapour)
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