Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is a nucleophile
Answer: An electron pair donor
2.
Name 4 nucleophiles
Answer: Hydroxide ion :OH- Water molecule H2O: Ammonia :NH3 Cyanide :CN-
3.
What is a hydrolysis reaction
Answer: A reaction where a molecule is split by using water
4.
What reagents/conditions are used to identify a haloalkane molecule
Answer: aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) in ethanol solvent 50 oC
5.
What are the possible observations of haloalkanes with aqueous silver nitrate & ethanol (50 C)
Answer: Silver halide precipitates: Silver chloride = white Silver bromide = cream Silver iodide = yellow
6.
Describe and explain the trend in the rate of hydrolysis for the haloalkanes
Answer: Trend: rate of hydrolysis increases from R-Cl R-I Bond enthalpy of C-X bond decreases from C-Cl C-I Therefore, less energy required to break C-I bond and faster rate of hydrolysis
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
How does IR Radiation interact with a molecule
Answer: IR Radiation causes covalent bonds to vibrate and absorb energy
2.
Give 3 bonds and subsequent molecules that absorb IR radiation very well and are classified as greenhouse gases
Answer: C=O bond found in carbon dioxide O-H bond found in water vapour C-H bond found in methane
3.
Give some common “everyday uses” for IR Spectroscopy
Answer: Monitoring gases that cause air pollution (CO and NO from car emissions) Measuring ethanol in breathalysers
4.
What does the M+ peak represent?
Answer: The M+ peak is the molecular ion peak. The m/z values is the same as the Mr for the molecule
5.
What causes the M+1 peak?
Answer: Small amounts of C13 isotope atoms present in all molecule
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