PCC final exam 1 questions & answers 2024/2025
When the results of a lab test are within a predetermined range of values, the results are considered what? - ANSWERS"Normal"
Always treat the what? Not the lab value. - ANSWERSPatient
Isolated abnormal lab values which do not correlate with...
When the results of a lab test are within a predetermined range of values, the results are considered
what? - ANSWERS"Normal"
Always treat the what? Not the lab value. - ANSWERSPatient
Isolated abnormal lab values which do not correlate with the patient's clinical condition may be what?
What should be done in this case? - ANSWERSMeaningless
Consider lab error, repeat test, or check previous results
When looking at Complete Blood Count, how can you determine if the patient has anemia or a bleed? -
ANSWERSHemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct)
When looking at Complete Blood Count, how can you determine if the patient has an infection? -
ANSWERSWhite Blood Cell count (leukocyte differential)
When looking at Complete Blood Count, how can you determine if the patient's heparin should
discontinued due to a possible adverse effect? - ANSWERSPlatelet count
What are the 7 components of "Chem 7?"
(pneumonic: Some People Cry Because Beyonce Sings Good) - ANSWERSSodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Chloride (Cl)
Bicarbonate (CO2)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
,Serum Creatinine (SCr)
Glucose
What is the normal range of Hemoglobin (Hgb) in males compared to females? - ANSWERSMales: 14-18
g/dL
Females: 12-16 g/dL
When does it mean if a patient's hemoglobin levels are glycosylated (HgbA1c)? - ANSWERSThey have
diabetes
When are hemoglobin levels low? - ANSWERSIn anemia
What is the normal range of hematocrit (Hct) in males compared to females? - ANSWERSMales: 39%-
49%
Females: 33%-43%
When are hematocrit levels low? - ANSWERSIn anemia, bleeds, chronic diseases, hemolysis
What does white blood cell (WBC) differential evaluate? - ANSWERSDistribution & morphology of 5
major types of WBCs
When are WBCs increased?
When are they decreased? - ANSWERSDuring infection, physiological stress, administration or
corticosteroids, leukemia
In bone marrow suppression
What is involved in blood clotting/coagulation? - ANSWERSPlatelets
, What can decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia) lead to? - ANSWERSSpontaneous hemorrhage
Heparin can cause "heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)," therefore patients receiving _______ or
_______ should monitored closely. - ANSWERSHeparin or enoxaparin
What is the normal range of sodium in the body? - ANSWERS135-145 mEq/L
A sodium overload is known as what? - ANSWERSHypernatremia
When is hypernatremia seen? - ANSWERSIn impaired thirst, inability to replace insensible fluid losses,
renal or GI losses
What is the true depletion or dilution of sodium? - ANSWERSHyponatremia
What is the normal range of potassium in the body? - ANSWERS3.5-5 mEq/L
It is important to monitor potassium because hyperkalemia can lead to what? - ANSWERSCardiac arrest,
hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac rhythm disturbances
Along with decreased renal output, what drugs can cause hyperkalemia? - ANSWERSNSAIDs, ACEIs,
ARBs, heparin, K-sparing diuretics
What are causes of hypokalemia? - ANSWERSIncreased output (vomiting, diarrhea) and increased renal
output (diuretics)
What is the normal range of chloride in the body? - ANSWERS96-106 mEq/L
Chloride increases or decreases in proportion to what? - ANSWERSSodium (Na)
When would chloride be reduced or increased? - ANSWERSReduced in metabolic alkalosis and increased
in metabolic acidosis
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