Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and Correct Answers
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Module
Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution
Advanced Pathophysiology
Which cardiomyopathy can be the result of HIV
~~~ Dilated Cardiomyopathy also known as eccentric ventricular hypertrophy
which leads to impaired contraction of the ventricles due to volume overload.
Heart failure compensatory mechanism
~~~ Initially, the SNS is stimulated with catecholamine ...
Advanced Pathophysiology Questions
and Correct Answers
a new painless palpable lymph node in the neck accompanied by recent weight loss
would be a sign of
✓ ~~~ Hodgkins lymphoma
A mediastinal mass and mediastinal nodes present on xray could be which type of
cancer
✓ ~~~ Hodgkin's Lymphoma
What is the function of TPA
✓ ~~~ to break up a blood clot and restore blood flow to the brain following a
stroke. Promotes fibrinolysis.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
✓ ~~~ the presence of small, often hypochromic, red blood cells in a peripheral
blood smear and is usually characterized by a low MCV
Vitamin deficiency anemia
✓ ~~~ occurs when your body doesn't have enough of the vitamins needed to
produce adequate numbers of healthy red blood cells. low B12 (pernicious
anemia)
Aplastic Anemia
✓ ~~~ stops producing red blood cells - causes viral infections, exposure to
toxic chemicals, autoimmune diseases.
Hemolytic Anemia
✓ ~~~ Abnormal breakdown of red blood cells - causes sickle cell, artificial
heart valve, infection or autoimmune disease
Anemia of chronic disease
✓ ~~~ Microcytic anemia with ↓ serum iron, ↓ total iron-binding capacity (TIBC),
and normal or ↑ ferritin. Causes - cancer, kidney dx, liver dx, thyroid dx and
RA
Type of hematologic cancer in pediatric patient with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
and small bruises
✓ ~~~ Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Hemophilia
✓ ~~~ a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor
is missing
multiple myeloma
, ✓ ~~~ In MM abnormal plasma cells make monoclonal (one type of) antibodies.
Tests are conducted to detect monoclonal antibodies in bone marrow, urine,
or blood as well as one or more of the CRAB features (hyperCalcemia,Renal
failure, Anemia and Bone problems) - diffused well defined "punched out" lytic
lesions Electrolyte imbalance: Hypercalcemia - Bone breakdown causes
release of Calcium
Abnormal immunoglobulins known as M proteins and free light chains produced by
plasma cells are characteristic of
✓ ~~~ Multiple Myeloma
Abnormalities associated with Leukemia
✓ ~~~ Acute - rapid increase in number of immature blood cells. crowding
makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells - low HGB, low
platelets- Most common in children
Chronic - excessive buildup of relatively mature but still abnormal white blood cells.
Months or years to progress - typically seen in older people.
How to diagnose childhood lymphoma
✓ ~~~ Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin.
Persistent fatigue, fever, night sweats. SOB, sudden weight loss
Dietary Recommendations for different kinds of anemia
✓ ~~~ B12 deficiency - increase red meat consumption
iron deficiency - green, leafy veggies, liver
Hematologic cancer associated with myelodysplastic syndrome
✓ ~~~ Acute myelogenous leukemia
Important factors for coagulation cascade
✓ ~~~ fibrinogen, prothrombin, Christmas factor, Stuart-Prower factor, plasma
thromboplastin, Hageman factor and stable factor (fibrigin and calcium)
What makes B cells become defective with Hodgkins Lympohoma
✓ ~~~ healthy B-cells change into fast-growing cancer cells that don't die. The
cancer cells duplicate, eventually overwhelming healthy cells. The cancer
cells can also spread to other areas of your body including the bone marrow,
spleen or other organs. Errors in immunoglobulin gene arrangement result in
defective lymphocytes
Where does lymphoma begin
✓ ~~~ B cells
What to expect when an infant/child is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia
✓ ~~~ paleness, weakness or extreme tiredness, an enlarged spleen, and belly
pain - Painful swelling of fingers and toes which is the definition of a condition
called "dactylitis.
How and for how long is folic acid stored in your body
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