Chp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems Approach, Questions and Answers
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Module
Microbiology, A Systems Approach
Institution
Microbiology, A Systems Approach
Chp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, Questions and AnswersChp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, ...
Chp. 4 Microbiology, A Systems
Approach, Questions and Answers
How do Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes
✓ ~~~ No, no true nucleus, no histones
✓ Cell wall-sturdy made of Peptidoglycans
✓ no organelles- few have internal membranes (REL,Gogli, RER?)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- External
✓ ~~~ Appendages-
✓ flagella-motiliy
✓ pili-hollow appendage transfers DNA to other cells
✓ fimbriae-hairlike bristles adhesion
✓ Glyccalyx- protective, adhesive,receptor functions (slime layer)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- Cell Envelope
✓ ~~~ 1) Outer Membrane-lipopolyssachide
✓ 2) Cell Wall-structural support
✓ 3) Cell Membrane-flow of nutrients
2 main components of cell envelope in most bacteria
✓ ~~~ cell membrane, cell wall
✓ to maintain integrity of the cell
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- internal
✓ ~~~ Cytoplasm-water solution
Ribosomes-sites of protein synthesis
Inclusions-stores nutrients
Nucleoid/chromosome-condensed DNA
Actin cytoskeleton-shape of cell
,Endospore-dormant body survival in adverse conditions
bacterial diseases
✓ ~~~ these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear infections
prokaryotes
✓ ~~~ the very first cells to appear on earth, sulfur compounds in geothermal ocean vents
fimbriae
✓ ~~~ fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other
cells and surfaces
cell wall
✓ ~~~ a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell-made of
peptidoglycan
inclusion/granule
✓ ~~~ stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or
particles that can be tapped into when needed
cell membrane
✓ ~~~ (cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and
selectively controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool
outer membrane
✓ ~~~ extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also containing lipopolysaccharide.
controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released, causes
fever and shock in host
, endospore
✓ ~~~ dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse
conditions
cytoplasm
✓ ~~~ water-based solution filling the entire cell
flagellum
✓ ~~~ specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long,
rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility
actin cytoskeleton
✓ ~~~ long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane and
contribute to the shape of the cell
ribosomes
✓ ~~~ tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis
plasmid
✓ ~~~ double-stranded DNA circle containing non essential genes, antibiotic resistance
pilus
✓ ~~~ an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells
bacterial chromosome
✓ ~~~ (nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all genetics and
heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins
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