BSNC 2000 Midterm prep Questions with Revised Answers
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Module
BSNC 2000
Institution
BSNC 2000
BSNC 2000 Midterm prep Questions with Revised Answers
What influences cardiac contractility - Answer--amt of contractile proteins in cardiac muscle fibers
-levels of intracellular Ca
-availabilty of ATP
What increases cardiac contractilty? - Answer--SNS innervation
-E and NE
-glucagon
-t...
BSNC 2000 Midterm prep Questions
with Revised Answers
What influences cardiac contractility - Answer--amt of contractile proteins in cardiac
muscle fibers
-levels of intracellular Ca
-availabilty of ATP
What increases cardiac contractilty? - Answer--SNS innervation
-E and NE
-glucagon
-thyroid hormone
What does vertebral artery converge into to form - Answer-basilar artery which
bifurcates into 2 PCA
Left brain damage symptoms - Answer-Aphasia
aware of the deficits (depression and anxiety)
slow and cautious behaviours
right eye deficit
Right brain damage symptoms - Answer-left side neglect
left eye deficit
unaware of deficits
quick and impulsive behaviours
Stroke is a vascular disorder due to - Answer-obstruction
OR
blood vessel damage
What does a stroke result in - Answer-acute focal neurologic deficit
How is blood flow impaired - Answer-ischemic or hemorrhagic
Where does hemrohaggic stroke cause impaired blood flow - Answer-intracerebral or
subarachnoid
(blood vessels weaken and rupture)
,Where does ischemic stroke cause impaired blood flow - Answer-cerebrovascular
obstruction by thrombus / emboli
hypotensive by hypotension
Lacunar stroke - Answer-stroke affecting small penetrating arteries
Ischemic strokes can be: - Answer--thrombotic
-Embolic
-or hypotensive
thrombotic stroke (isch) - Answer--assosiated w atherosclerosis
-plaques build and obstructs blood flow
embolic stroke (isch) - Answer-embolus travels to brain and lodges in smaller artery
-due to thromboembolism (broken off thrombus)
what is embolus made of - Answer-fat cells, air bubbles, tumor cells
Where do thromboemboli that cause embolic stroke originate - Answer-atherosclerotic
plaque from carotid artery
or
left atrium
how does afib inc risk of embolic stroke - Answer-blood pooling causes formation of clot
to travel + block circulation
T/F deep vien thrombosis can cause embolic stroke - Answer-not a huge risk unless it
travels through capillary network in lung to heart
What causes lacunar strokes - Answer--USUALLY DUE TO HTN
narrowing of small penetrating arteries that supply deep brain structures
-eg basal nuclei, brain stem
watershed strokes (hypotn/hypo perf) - Answer-occur in broder zones btn major
cerebral arteries
what causes a TIA - Answer-localized reduction in cerebral blood flow
intracerebral hemorrhage - Answer-rupture of weakened artery
-bleeding INTO BRAIN TISSUEQ
subarachnoid hemorrhage - Answer-rupture of berry aneurism
-bleeding INTO brain surface
, Causes of hemorrhagic stroke - Answer--HTN
-ruptured aneurysm
-weakoned vesels
-deficiency in blood clotting
arteriovenous malformation (AVM) - Answer-congenital defect where a capillary bed
doesnt form btn arterioles and venules
-arteriole blood is shunted
cerebral aneurysm - Answer-dilation of cerebral artery
what causes a cerebral aneurysm - Answer-anything that weakens blood vessel walls
core - Answer-cell death and necrosis
-permanent loss of neurons and function
microorganisms that initiate infection - Answer-protozoa, fungi, bacteria, virus, parasites
BACTERIA - Answer-reproduce independently
need host for replication
synthesize DNA and RNA
EG: CDI, staphyloccus, e-coli
TREATED W/antibiotics
VIRAL - Answer-immediate / dormant
invades host for replication (blocks genetic protein synthesis)
interferes w normal cell function of host, how it develops
EG: HIV, HEP (A, B, C, E), ebola, SARS
FUNGAL - Answer-Yeasts, molds, mushrooms
can lead to death in immune comp ppl
can develop when body treated w antibiotics
EG: tinea pedis, candidiasis, lobomycosis
Bacteremia - Answer-lab confirmed presense of bacteria in blood
Fungemia - Answer-blood stream infection by fungal organism
most common HAI - Answer-UTI
Infectious disease - Answer-DIRECT effect of pathogen
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