Apologetics Final UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Module
Apologetics
Institution
Apologetics
Apologetics Final UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Moral Evil - CORRECT ANSWER- (1) a categorical term referring to unjust human acts (2)
the belief that humans act in ethically unacceptable ways; that they are capable of wicked
deeds that demand just punishment
Natural Evil - COR...
Apologetics Final UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Moral Evil - CORRECT ANSWER- (1) a categorical term referring to unjust human acts (2)
the belief that humans act in ethically unacceptable ways; that they are capable of wicked
deeds that demand just punishment
Natural Evil - CORRECT ANSWER- a categorical term referring to the destructive forces of
nature such as floods, volcanoes, hurricanes, disease, genetic defects, etc.
Theodicy - CORRECT ANSWER- a logical, philosophical justification of God's actions with
a view to defending God's Person and character. Example: A theodicy explains why God
permits evil in His creation.
Defense - CORRECT ANSWER- an analysis of axioms of Christian theology with a view to
defending Scriptural propositions as logically consistent. Example: A defense demonstrates
that the simultaneous existence of God and evil are logically compatible
The question of moral evil - CORRECT ANSWER- how is it that we all know good and yet
love evil?
The question of natural evil - CORRECT ANSWER- why does nature inflict endless and
horrific pain on civilization?
The fundamental question - CORRECT ANSWER- what is God's relationship to evil in His
creation?
Irreconcilable axioms? - CORRECT ANSWER- God is all good~ God is all powerful ~ evil
exist
Three possible responses to the problem of evil - CORRECT ANSWER- 1) Defensive
approach 2) Offensive approach 3) Evangelistic approach
Defensive approach - CORRECT ANSWER- a Theodicy
,Atheist Argument: (defensive approach) - CORRECT ANSWER- (a) An omnipotent,
omnibenevolent God exists.
(b) Evil exists.
(c) These statements are irreconcilable.
Implicit assumptions:
(d) If God is omnipotent, then He can create any possible world that He desires.
(e) If God is good, then He prefers a world without evil over a world with evil.
Four offensive propositions - CORRECT ANSWER- 1) The moral implication of evil—an
objective Personal standard exists.
2) People love evil more than they admit.
3) The atheist's quantitative argument is self-defeating.
4) The ineptitude of alternative worldviews in solving the problem of evil (Dualism,
Pantheism, Enlightenment Utopias, Atheistic Naturalism)
Explanation of the atheist's quantitative argument - CORRECT ANSWER- why is there so
much evil in the world? Implicit assumption: if God exists He must do "x." Example: "if God
exists, He must eliminate Stalin" or "if God exists, He must cause Hitler never to be born."
But why do finite beings get to determine how God must act? An omniscient God doubtless
has explanations we don't comprehend.
Evangelistic approach - CORRECT ANSWER- Offering People the Christian Perspective. -
The Christian perspective on personal evil, The Christian perspective on societal evil, and the
Christian perspective on time
Two radical claims in the biblical narrative: - CORRECT ANSWER- 1) Old Testament: Man
is abnormal not normal. (Evil cannot be resolved globally. Evil cannot be resolved nationally.
Evil cannot be resolved individually.)
2) New Testament: God personally resolves the problem of human evil. - Christianity offers a
"why" and a "solution."
Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER- a seventeenth-and eighteenth-century western
ideology that emphasized reason, nature, and progress. Enlightenment philosophers argued
for the basic goodness of man, the authority of philosophy, the inevitable progress of science,
and a deistic view of God.
, Four Enlightenment beliefs - CORRECT ANSWER- 1) The autonomy of man's thinking
2) The universe should be desacralized
3) Men are inherently good.
4) Progress toward utopianism is inevitable.
Rethinking God's role: three representative thinkers - CORRECT ANSWER- Denis Diderot,
Francis Bacon, And Isaac Newton
Denis Diderot - CORRECT ANSWER- His Encyclopédie permitted only naturalistic
explanations; supernaturalism was excluded.
Francis Bacon - CORRECT ANSWER- HIs Novum Organum ("New Instrument")
established the scientific method as the primary tool for knowledge acquisition.
Isaac Newton - CORRECT ANSWER- His Principia Mathematica (somewhat unwittingly)
displaced providence with natural law.
Deism - CORRECT ANSWER- a monotheistic anti-Trinitarian view of God that attributes to
Him the attributes associated with transcendence, but denies His immanent involvement in
the world through supernatural activity subsequent to the original act of creation
The deist's narrative - CORRECT ANSWER- Creation, Fall (non-historic), Redemption
(unnecessary) - God is transcendent; God is not immanent.
Samuel Johnson (definition of deism) - CORRECT ANSWER- "The opinion of those that
only acknowledge one God, without the reception of any revealed religion"
Lord Edward Herbert (definition of deism) - CORRECT ANSWER- There is one supreme
God. God is chiefly to be worshipped. Piety and virtue are the principle aspects of worship.
Man must repent of his sins; if he does, God will pardon him. There are rewards for good
men and punishments for bad men in the future state.
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