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  5. Anatomy, physiology and imaging 1 for radiotherapy

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Summary Need help in first year anatomy?

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This is a revision guide for first year anatomy in radiotherapy to build a foundation for your knowledge and achieve a passing grade (i got 67/100 form these notes alone). This can also be used as a refresher before going into year 2 and is also useful to review before going into clinical.

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  • August 16, 2024
  • 39
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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ANATOMY

,Urinary system
• The urinary system consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters an
1 urinary bladder and 1 urethra. The kidneys do the
major work of the urinary system. The other parts of t
system are mainly passageways & storage areas
• Located in the abdominal cavity between the
peritoneum and the post abdominal wall. Kidney exte
from vertebrae T12-L3 a position where they are
partially protected by rib 11 & 12. Right kidney is
slightly lower than the left

,External anatomy
• Typical adult kidney 10-12cm long 5-7cm wide and 3cm thi
3 layers of tissue surrounding tissue
• Deep layer- renal capsule, smooth, transparent sheet of
dense irregular connective tissue. Barrier against trauma &
maintains shape
• Mid layer- adipose capsule, mass of fatty tissue surroundin
the renal capsule, protects kidney from trauma
• Superficial layer- renal fascia, thin layer of dense irregular
connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surroundi
structures and to the abdominal wall.

, Internal anatomy
• Renal cortex- superficial smooth-textured reddish area
• Renal medulla- deep reddish-brown middle region
• Renal pelvis- large urine-collecting space occupies the
inner region
• Renal pelvis is formed from the extended upper portio
of the ureter. The pelvis branches into two cuplike
structures called major calyces and minor calyces. Ea
kidney has 8-10 minor and 2-3 major calyces.

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