PSIO 303 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% SOLVED SOLUTIONS
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Module
PSIO 303
Institution
PSIO 303
Glycerophospholipids (GPLs): - amphipathic (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts)
are main lipid constituent of PM
Contain glycerol backbone:
2 fatty acid tails in ester linkage
A polar head group (that varies in size)
A phosphate ester of another alcohol (choline, ethanolamine, serin...
PSIO 303 EXAM 1
Glycerophospholipids (GPLs): - amphipathic (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts)
are main lipid constituent of PM
Contain glycerol backbone:
2 fatty acid tails in ester linkage
A polar head group (that varies in size)
A phosphate ester of another alcohol (choline, ethanolamine, serine, or inositol)
GPLs can differ in polar head group, chain length, and saturation of bonds
Common cell structures called organelles are either membrane bound or non membrane bound. Choose
the following list that contains only membrane bound organelles. - nucleus, endoplasmic
reticulum, lysosome, mitochondrion
Mitochondria - making ATP by breaking down sugar
plasma membrane (cell membrane) - -Provides protection and a fixed environment for the cell
-Transports nutrients into the cell and transports toxic substance outside of the cell
Nucleus - Protecting, controlling access to DNA
Golgi - Modifying polypeptide chains; sorting, shipping proteins and lipids
Ribosomes - Assembling polypeptide chains
Lysosomes - Intracellular digestion; break down excess/ worn out cell parts or viruses & bacteria
Peroxisomes - Neutralization of toxins
,Homeostasis - self regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability by adjusting
to changing external conditions
Body temperature, blood pH, tissue oxygenation, cell size, cytoplasmic composition
Cell Theory - All living things are made up of cells
the cell is a structural and functional unit of all living things
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during division
All cells are basically the same in chemical composition
All energy flow of life occur within cells
Needs for cells to communicate - Sense and respond to other cells
Modes of cellular communication - Endocrine: cell in one part of the body sends signal
(hormone) to distant target cells
Paracrine: cell-cell communication
, Autocrine: cell stimulates itself
When plasma glucose concentration increases, cells in the pancreas release insulin. Insulin causes a
pattern of responses that decreases glucose concentration. This is an example of - Homeostasis
maintained by a negative feedback loop
What is your best estimate for the diameter of a pancreatic beta cell? - 10 microns
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane (PM) - Phospholipid bilayer: in an aqueous
environment:
Polar (hydrophilic) head groups orient TOWARD polar water
Nonpolar (hydrophobic) tail groups orient AWAY from water
Forms phospholipid bilayer which is the structure of the PM
Sphingolipids - Amphipathic
Sphingosine backbone:
1 fatty acid tail in amide
1 polar head group (carbohydrate or phosphate ester of another alcohol like choline or ethanolamine)
Cholesterol - Biggest function: alters fluidity
Wedges into bilayer by interacting with first few hydrocarbon groups of phospholipid tails (hydrophobic
region) and alters fluidity of lipid bilayer
Is also amphipathic, a sterol ( group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols), and essential
membrane component
Membrane fluidity - Depends on lipid composition (saturation of hydrocarbon or lipid chains)\
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