Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau) Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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Module
Bio 181
Institution
Bio 181
homologous chromosomes - pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length, gene position,
and centromere location.
sister chromatids - pieces of identical dna
Cell Theory - 1. all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
2. cells are the smallest units of life.
3. cell division...
Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau)
homologous chromosomes - pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length, gene position,
and centromere location.
sister chromatids - pieces of identical dna
Cell Theory - 1. all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
2. cells are the smallest units of life.
3. cell division produces new cells.
Eukaryotic - (true nucleus)
>protists, fungi, plants animals
>plasma membrane
>membrane bound organelles
>multi-cellular
Prokaryotic - (no cell nucleus)
>plasma membrane
>double layer of phospholipids and proteins.
>bacteria and archaea
compartmentalization - formation of cellular compartments.
smaller cells (SA/V) - more surface area per volume
large cells (SA/V) - less surface are per volume, more room for metabolism, surface area limits
rate of exchange.
, catabolism - break down of large molecules into small molecules with the release of energy.
anabolism - small molecules ----> large molecules
(needs energy)
*microtubli - >largest (25 nm)
>2 subunits form a strand
>13 strands form a hollow tube
>constantly changing in length adding and removing tubulin at both ends
>supports cell shape
>organizes the whole cytoplasm
>intracellular movement
>cell mobility (flagella & cilia)
intermediate filament - >medium (10 nm)
>protein: various
>strong rope-like structure (twisted)
>provides structure (not dynamic)
>often works with microtubules
>cell shape
>anchorage of cell/nuclear membranes
actin filament - >smallest (6-8 nm)
>long spiral chains
>near plasma membrane
> cell shape and strength
> muscle contraction
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