MCBM Exam #2: Horovorka Questions
and Answers 100% Verified
What do all connective tissues have in common? - ANSWER - Vast extracellular matrix
What are the 4 main types of connective tissue? - ANSWER - Cartilage, Bone, Blood, and
Connective Tissue Proper
Is cartilage vascular or avascular? - ANSWER - Avascular
What secretes the extracellular matrix in connective tissue? - ANSWER - Fibroblasts
What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue? What do
they form? - ANSWER - Regular: forms tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses. Collagen
bundles are arranged in parallel orientation, giving the tissue greater tensile strength.
Irregular: Forms the capsules of solid organs, the submucosa of hollow organs, and the reticular
layer of skin. Oriented in different directions, allows resistance to excessive stretching.
What is the extracellular matrix composed of? - ANSWER - Ground substance and Fibers
What is the purpose of ground substance? - ANSWER - Provides compressive resistance,
flexibility, and can be a biochemical barrier.
What usually makes up ground substance? - ANSWER - Water, proteoglycans/glycoproteins
(proteins with covalently attached polysaccharides), and glycosaminoglycans (Long unbranched
polysaccharides)
What is the most important glycosaminoglycan in ground substance? What charge does it
have? What is the result? - ANSWER - Hyaluronic Acid, has a negative charge which draws in
water.
, What is the difference between elastin and fibrilin? - ANSWER - Elastin: Protein with alternating
hydrophilic alpha-helical domains and hydrophobic random coil domains, cross-linked within
extracelluar matrix.
Fibrilin: Glycoprotein that forms structural support for the elastic fibers. Sensitive to UV rays
(causes extra wrinkley people)
Where will we see fibroblasts most prominently? How do they appear? - ANSWER - Dense
Connective Tissue, we just see their nuclei since their cytoplasm is squished.
What cell types will we see in loose connective tissue? How will it appear on a stain? What does
it form? - ANSWER - Contains fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, and leukocytes.
What is collagen (generally)? - ANSWER - Glycoprotein with sugars attached to hydroxylized
amino acids.
What amino acids are being hydrolyzed? - ANSWER - Proline and Lysine
What is tropocollagen? - ANSWER - A structural component of collagen formed by 3 chains of
amino acids to form a triple helix.
Tropogollagen is made up of 3 different chains of collagen. Are the 3 chains the same? -
ANSWER - All three can be the same, there may be two types, or all different types!
What are collagen fibrils formed from? How are they oriented? - ANSWER - They are formed
from polymerized tropocollagen molecules. They are oriented head to tail in parallel fashion.
What are collagen fibers? What kind of imaging can they be seen by? - ANSWER - They are
groups of fibrils large enough to be seen by light microscopy.
What are the different types of collagens? Where are they found? - ANSWER - Type 1:
Connective Tissue Proper and Bone
Type 2: Cartilage
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